Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

Plutarch: “Th e Training of Children,”

ca. 110 c.e. 200

Strabo: Geography, excerpt on Africa,

ca. 22 c.e. 269

Pliny: Natural History, excerpt on India,

ca. 77 c.e. 270

Pausanius: Description of Greece,

Book I: Attica, second century c.e. 271

Th e Code of the Assura, excerpt,

ca. 1075 b.c.e. 305

Th e Arthashastra, excerpt, ca. 250 b.c.e. 306

Th e Twelve Tables, excerpt, ca. 450 b.c.e. 307

VOLUME II

Herodotus: “Mummifi cation,” from

Th e Histories, fi ft h century b.c.e. 323

Descent of the Goddess Ishtar into the

Lower World, from the Epic of

Gilgamesh, ca. seventh century b.c.e. 324

A Vedic Funerary Hymn, from the

Rig-Veda, ca. 1700–1100 b.c.e. 325

Homer: Th e Odyssey, excerpt,

ca. 800–600 b.c.e. 326

Th e Selection of Aspalta as King of Kush,

ca. 600 b.c.e. 422

Th e Legend of Sargon of Akkad,

ca. 2300 b.c.e. 423

Herodotus: “On the Kings of Sparta,” from

Th e History of the Persian Wars,

ca. 430 b.c.e. 424

A Collection of Contracts from

Mesopotamia, ca. 2300–428 b.c.e. 458

Herodotus: Th e History of the Persian Wars,

excerpt, ca. 430 b.c.e. 459

Kautilya: Th e Arthashastra, excerpt,

ca. 250 b.c.e. 460

Tacitus: Germania, excerpt, ca. 98 c.e. 461

Herodotus: Th e History of the Persian Wars,

excerpt, ca. 430 b.c.e. 504

Ban Zhao: Lessons for a Woman, excerpt,

ca. 80 c.e. 505

Semonides of Amorgos: “Th e Types of

Women,” ca. 550 b.c.e. 506

Xenophon: “Th e Polity of the Spartans,”

ca. 375 b.c.e. 539

Plutarch: Th e Life of Th eseus, excerpt,

ca. 110 c.e. 540

Polybius: “Rome at the End of the Punic Wars,”

from Th e Histories, ca. 200–aft er 118 b.c.e. 541

Tabu-utul-Bêl: “Ludlul Bêl Nimeqi,”

ca.1700 b.c.e. 556

Th e Yin Fu Ching, or Clue to the Unseen,

excerpt, ca. 1200 b.c.e. 557

Galen: Medicine, excerpt, ca. mid-second

century c.e. 559

Hippocrates: Aphorisms, excerpt,

ca. fi ft h century b.c.e. 559

VOLUME III

Th e Precepts of the Vizier Ptah-Hotep,

ca. 2350 b.c.e. 631

Th e Code of Hammurabi, ca. 1780 b.c.e. 633

Th e Law Code of Gortyn (Crete),

ca. 450 b.c.e. 635

Th e Twelve Tables, excerpt, ca. 450 b.c.e. 636

Saint Augustine: Th e City of God, excerpt,

410–426 c.e. 667

“Th e Tale of Th e Eloquent Peasant,”

ca. 1800 b.c.e. 668

Enûma Elish: Th e Epic of Creation, excerpt,

eighth century b.c.e. 669

Bhagavad Gita (from the Mahabharata),

excerpt, ca. 400 b.c.e. 671

Plato: “Th e Allegory of the Cave,” from the

Republic, ca. 360 b.c.e. 672

Horace: “Th e Secular Hymn,” ca. 17 b.c.e.,

and Virgil: Aeneid, excerpt, 30–19 b.c.e. 673

Virgil: Exerpt from the Aeneid 674

Tacitus: Germania, excerpt, 98 c.e. 723

Herodotus: Excerpt on the founding of

Cyrene from Th e Histories, fi ft h

century b.c.e. 723

List of Maps and Primary Source Documents xxi

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