CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

TABLE 3.4 Values of the Ratio Smax/Savg

0.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00

0.05 1.20 1.16 1.15 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.10 0.05

0.10 1.40 1.32 1.29 1.27 1.24 1.22 1.20 0.10

0.15 1.60 1.48 1.44 1.40 1.37 1.33 1.30 0.15

0.20 1.80 1.64 1.59 1.54 1.49 1.44 1.40 0.20

0.25 2.00 1.80 1.73 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.50 0.25

0.30 2.23 1.96 1.88 1.81 1.73 1.66 1.60 0.30

0.35 2.48 2.12 2.04 1.94 1.85 1.77 1.70 0.35

0.40 2.76 2.29 2.20 2.07 1.98 1.88 1.80 0.40

0.45 3.11 2.51 2.39 2.23 2.10 1.99 1.90 0.45

(In determining S average, use load P divided by total area of cross section)

r 1

r

e

r

e

r

87