ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Many engineers, professional societies, industry associations, and governmen-
tal agencies helped the author find and assemble the thousands of formulas pre-
sented in this book. Hence, the author wishes to acknowledge this help and
assistance.
The author’s principal helper, advisor, and contributor was late Frederick
S. Merritt, P.E., Consulting Engineer. For many years Fred and the author were
editors on companion magazines at The McGraw-Hill Companies. Fred was an
editor on Engineering-News Record, whereas the author was an editor on
Powermagazine. Both lived on Long Island and traveled on the same railroad
to and from New York City, spending many hours together discussing engi-
neering, publishing, and book authorship.
When the author was approached by the publisher to prepare this book, he
turned to Fred Merritt for advice and help. Fred delivered, preparing many of
the formulas in this book and giving the author access to many more in Fred’s
extensive files and published materials. The author is most grateful to Fred for
his extensive help, advice, and guidance.
Other engineers and experts to whom the author is indebted for formulas
included in this book are Roger L. Brockenbrough, Calvin Victor Davis, F. E.
Fahey, Gary B. Hemphill, P.E., Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., George Tchobanoglous,
Demetrious E. Tonias, P.E., and Kevin D. Wills, P.E.
Further, the author thanks many engineering societies, industry associations,
and governmental agencies whose work is referred to in this publication. These
organizations provide the framework for safe design of numerous structures of
many different types.
The author also thanks Larry Hager, Senior Editor, Professional Group, The
McGraw-Hill Companies, for his excellent guidance and patience during the
long preparation of the manuscript for this book. Finally, the author thanks his
wife, Mary Shanley Hicks, a publishing professional, who always most willingly
offered help and advice when needed.
Specific publications consulted during the preparation of this text include
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
(AASHTO) “Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges”; American Con-
crete Institute (ACI) “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete”;
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) “Manual of Steel Construc-
tion,” “Code of Standard Practice,” and “Load and Resistance Factor Design
Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings”; American Railway Engineer-
ing Association (AREA) “Manual for Railway Engineering”; American Society
of Civil Engineers (ASCE) “Ground Water Management”; and American
Water Works Association (AWWA) “Water Quality and Treatment.” In addition,
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