CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

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w Specific weight F/L^3 lb/ft^3 kg/m^3

y Depth in open channel, distance from

solid boundary L ft m

Z Height above datum L ft m

$ Size of roughness L ft m

 Viscosity FT/L^2 lbs/ft kgs/m

 Kinematic viscosity L^2 /T ft^2 /s m^2 /s

 Density FT^2 /L^4 lbs^2 /ft^4 kgs^2 /m^4

 Surface tension F/L lb/ft kg/m

! Shear stress F/L^2 lb/in^2 MPa

Symbols for dimensionless quantities

Symbol Quantity

C Weir coefficient, coefficient of discharge

Cc Coefficient of contraction

Cv Coefficient of velocity

F Froude number

f Darcy–Weisbach friction factor

K Head-loss coefficient

R Reynolds number

S Friction slope—slope of energy grade line

Sc Critical slope

% Efficiency

s. g. Specific gravity