CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

394 INDEX

Soils and earthwork formulas (Cont.):
forces on retaining walls,
189
index parameters, 186
internal friction and cohesion,
188
lateral pressures, 189
load-bearing test, 194
permeability, 195
physical properties of soils,
185
Rankine theory, 189
scraper production, 197–198
equipment required, 198
settlement under foundations,
193
stability of slopes, 192
cohesionless soils, 192
cohesive soils, 192
surcharge lateral pressure,
191
vertical pressures, 188
vibration control in blasting,
204–205
water pressure and soils, 191
weights and volumes, relationships
of, 186–187
Westergaard equation, 188
Solid-bowl centrifuge for sludge
dewatering, 369
Stadia surveying, 183
Statically indeterminate forces in
building structures,
241–244
Stemming, 202
Stormwater, determining flow of,
361
disposing of, 362
Strain energy
in bending, 79
in torsion, 77
Strength, tensile, of concrete,
117

Submerged curved surfaces,

295

Surcharged lateral pressure,

189

Surveying formulas, 177–184

distance measurement with tapes,

179–182

orthometric correction, 181

photogrammetry, 184

slope corrections, 180

stadia surveying, 183

temperature corrections, 181

theory of errors, 178

units of measurement, 177

vertical control, 182

Suspension cables, 263

Table, conversion, 2

Tapes, measuring distance with,

179–182

Temperature corrections in surveying,

181

Terzaghi formula, 357

Theorems,

Castigliano’s, 52

Maxwell’s, 51

Theory of errors, 178

Temperature expansion of pipe,

313

Thin shells, 215

Timber engineering, 157–176

Toe capacity pile load, 107

Transformed section of concrete

beam, 121

Trapezoidal channels, 328

Triangular channels, 326

Trickling filter, design of, 371

Ultimate strength, of continuous

beams, 46

Uniform strength, of beams, 52

Units of measuring in surveying,

177