180 Fish as feed inputs for aquaculture – Practices, sustainability and implications
- Antarctic krill: Only the United States of America reported landings of 8 550
tonnes of Antarctic krill in 2004 (total global landings reported as 118 165
tonnes in 2004; FAO, 2006a). Krill is the one of the basic building blocks of the
marine aquatic food chain and
in reduced meal form is a good
source of high-quality marine
animal protein, essential lipids
and phospholipids, pigments,
vitamins and minerals. The
current total allowable catch
(TAC) of krill is 4 million tonnes
(Rutman, Diaz and Hinrichsen,
2003). In aquaculture, krill
products are used primarily
as dietary feeding attractants/
palatants and as a source of
carotenoid pigments, and it is
estimated that the current global
consumption of krill products
in commercial aquaculture and
aquarium feeds is between 10
000 and 15 000 tonnes (Tacon,
Hasan and Subasinghe, 2006).- Squid meal and squid oil:
Although total landings of the
jumbo flying squid were reported
at 555 764 tonnes in 2004 (Peru,
48.6 percent; Chile, 31.5 percent;
Mexico, 19.8 percent; Figure
9), no information is available
concerning the portion of
catch destined for reduction or
human consumption. Despite
this, squid meal is known to be
produced commercially in Peru
and Chile, and is commonly
used as a feed ingredient in
commercial shrimp feeds
produced within the region.
Squid meal is an excellent source
- Squid meal and squid oil:
FIGURE 40
Estimated global use of fishmeal by major cultured species group
in compound aquafeeds, 2004
Source: Tacon (2006)
FIGURE 41
Estimated global use of fish oil by major cultured species group
in compound aquafeeds, 2004
Source: Tacon (2006)
TABLE 5
Global production Fishmeal used
(thousand tonnes)
Fish oil used
(thousand tonnes)
% of fishmeal
production
% of fish oil
production
Fishmeal Fish oil FAO* IFFO FAO IFFO FAO IFFO FAO IFFO
2002 6 201 959 2 696 2 769 758 810 43 45 79 84
2005 5 877 965 2 666 3 041 551 813 45 52 57 84
2010 6 000 950 2 478 3 286 534 826 41 55 56 87
2012 6 000 950 2 577 3 607 664 836 43 60 70 88
*FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; IFFO, International Fishmeal and Fish Oil
Organisation.
Source: Jackson (2006)
Estimates and future projections of the use of fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds in thousand
tonnes and as a percentage