Fish as feed inputs for aquaculture: practices, sustainability and implications

180 Fish as feed inputs for aquaculture – Practices, sustainability and implications

• Antarctic krill: Only the United States of America reported landings of 8 550
  tonnes of Antarctic krill in 2004 (total global landings reported as 118 165
  tonnes in 2004; FAO, 2006a). Krill is the one of the basic building blocks of the
  marine aquatic food chain and
  in reduced meal form is a good
  source of high-quality marine
  animal protein, essential lipids
  and phospholipids, pigments,
  vitamins and minerals. The
  current total allowable catch
  (TAC) of krill is 4 million tonnes
  (Rutman, Diaz and Hinrichsen,
  2003). In aquaculture, krill
  products are used primarily
  as dietary feeding attractants/
  palatants and as a source of
  carotenoid pigments, and it is
  estimated that the current global
  consumption of krill products
  in commercial aquaculture and
  aquarium feeds is between 10
  000 and 15 000 tonnes (Tacon,
  Hasan and Subasinghe, 2006).
  
  
  • Squid meal and squid oil:
    Although total landings of the
    jumbo flying squid were reported
    at 555 764 tonnes in 2004 (Peru,
    48.6 percent; Chile, 31.5 percent;
    Mexico, 19.8 percent; Figure
    9), no information is available
    concerning the portion of
    catch destined for reduction or
    human consumption. Despite
    this, squid meal is known to be
    produced commercially in Peru
    and Chile, and is commonly
    used as a feed ingredient in
    commercial shrimp feeds
    produced within the region.
    Squid meal is an excellent source
  
  
  
  

FIGURE 40

Estimated global use of fishmeal by major cultured species group

in compound aquafeeds, 2004

Source: Tacon (2006)

FIGURE 41

Estimated global use of fish oil by major cultured species group

in compound aquafeeds, 2004

Source: Tacon (2006)

TABLE 5

Global production Fishmeal used

(thousand tonnes)

Fish oil used

(thousand tonnes)

% of fishmeal

production

% of fish oil

production

Fishmeal Fish oil FAO* IFFO FAO IFFO FAO IFFO FAO IFFO

2002 6 201 959 2 696 2 769 758 810 43 45 79 84

2005 5 877 965 2 666 3 041 551 813 45 52 57 84

2010 6 000 950 2 478 3 286 534 826 41 55 56 87

2012 6 000 950 2 577 3 607 664 836 43 60 70 88

*FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; IFFO, International Fishmeal and Fish Oil

Organisation.

Source: Jackson (2006)

Estimates and future projections of the use of fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds in thousand

tonnes and as a percentage