Fish as feed inputs for aquaculture: practices, sustainability and implications

14 Fish as feed inputs for aquaculture – Practices, sustainability and implications

TABLE 6

Landings of capture fisheries in the Americas destined mainly for reduction

Species 2004 landings Fishery

Tonnes Percent (%)

Peruvian anchovy/anchoveta

(Engraulis ringens) 10 679 338 65.8

Peru 82.5%, Chile 17.4%, Ecuador

0.1%

Chilean jack mackerel/inca scad

(Trachurus murphyi) 1 638 530 10.1 Chile 88.6%, Peru 11.4%

Chub mackerel

(Scomber japonicus) 730 427 4.5

Chile 79.0%, Peru 8.5%, Ecuador

7.1%, Mexico 3.6%

California pilchard/South American

pilchard

(Sardinops sagax)

683 560 4.2 Mexico 86.9%, United States of America 13.1%,

Jumbo flying squid

(Dosidicus gigas) 555 764 3.4

Peru 48.6%, Chile 31.5%, Mexico

19.8%

Gulf menhaden

(Brevootia patronus) 464 148 2.9 United States of America c. 100%

Araucanian herring

(Strangomera bentincki) 356 090 2.2 Chile 100%

Atlantic herring

(Clupea harengus harengus) 268 690 1.7

Canada 68.1%, United States of

America 30.3%

Atlantic menhaden

(Brevoortia tyrannus) 215 163 1.3 United States of America c. 100%

Round sardinella

(Sardinella aurita) 142 982 0.9 Venezuela (Bov. Rep. of) 99.2%

Atlantic mackerel

(Scomber scombrus) 107 682 0.7

United States of America 50%,

Canada 50%

Pacific anchoveta

(Cetengraulis mysticetus) 73 203 0.5 Panama 64.2%, Colombia 28.9%

Pacific herring

(Clupea pallasi pallasi) 57 981 0.4

United States of America 58.9%,

Canada 41.1%

Pacific thread herring

(Opisthonema libertate) 54 105 0.3 Panama 84.1%, Ecuador 15.9%

Brazilian sardinella

(Sardinella janeiro) 53 421 0.3 Brazil 100%

Capelin

(Mallotus villosus) 52 351 0.3 Canada 69.1%, Greenland 30.9%

Atka mackerel

(Pleurogrammus monopterygius) 49 508 0.3 United States of America 100%

Argentine anchovy

(Engraulis anchoita) 39 367 0.2 Argentine 94.7%

Total 16 222 310 100

Source: Tacon (2009)

(Sardinops sagax), southern African anchovy (Engraulis capensis) and Whitehead’s

round herring (Etrumeus whiteheadi) (Table 7). The proportion destined for

reduction rather than human consumption in African and Near East fisheries is

difficult to state exactly, but by way of example around 10 percent of Namibia`s

2004 horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) catch was reduced to fishmeal (Van

Zyl, 2001). In 2004, the total recorded sliver cyprinid (Rastrineobola argentea,

locally known as “dagaa”) catch was 31 659 tonnes (FAO, 2006b), suggesting that

between 15 800 to 20 500 tonnes of fish were reduced to fishmeal. In Ghana up to

half the anchovy catch, which equates to approximately 26 000 tonnes of anchovy

is reduced to fishmeal annually (Directorate of Fisheries, Ghana, 2003),

• Asian aquaculture: In contrast to elsewhere, Asian aquaculture depends mainly
  upon trash fish/low-value fish. There are some targeted feed fisheries in Asia,
  notably in China and Japan, but these are declining in the face of dwindling
  stocks. For instance, there is an installed capacity of 1.5 million tonnes of
  fishmeal production in China, yet two-thirds of this capacity lies idle as a result
  of the declining jack mackerel catches and the increasing use of sardine for fresh