Modern German Grammar: A Practical Guide, Second Edition

(Rick Simeone) #1
ach ‘oh’
das heißt ‘that is, i.e.’
im Gegenteil ‘on the contrary’
wissen Sie/weißt du ‘you know’
sehen Sie/siehst du ‘you see’
verstehen Sie/verstehst du ‘you understand’
wie gesagt ‘as I say’
mit anderen Worten ‘in other words’
unter uns gesagt ‘between you and me’

Note that each of these is followed by a comma (see 59.6 on rules for the use of
commas):

Ja, ich komme um acht vorbei.
Yes, I’ll call in at eight o’clock.

Das heißt, Sie sind die ganze Woche verreist?
That means you’re away all week?

5.4 The usual position for past participles, or for infinitives dependent on modals (see 35 )
or the verb werden, is at the end of the clause or sentence (but see also 58.4):


Das habe ich ihm schon öfters gesagt.
I’ve often told him that.

Könntest du nicht bis Dienstag bleiben?
Couldn’t you stay until Tuesday?

An infinitive dependent on a finite verb (see 5.1) precedes a past participle at the end of
a sentence. This applies particularly to modal verbs which, when used in combination
with other verbs, employ the infinitive as the past participle:

Er hat es nicht machen dürfen (compare: er hat es nicht gemacht).
He wasn’t allowed to do it (he hasn’t done it).

 See 35.1 (p. 74) and 35.3 (p. 76).


In passive constructions (see 40 , especially 40.4d) the past participle precedes
werden:

Muss der Vertrag heute noch unterschrieben werden?
Does the contract have to be signed today?

5.5 Separable prefixes (see 36 ) are placed in final position:


Er steht immer um sieben Uhr auf.
He always gets up at seven o’clock.

 See 8.7b (p. 13) for clauses with ‘zu’.


6 Two main clauses


6.1 In a sentence with two or more main clauses linked by the co-ordinating conjunctions
aber, denn, oder, sondern, und, the finite verb (see 5.1) is always the second element
in each clause:


6
Two main clauses
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