by Barry Miles, HarperCollins, 2006, pp. 125–26, 129–31,
133–34, 139, 146.
———, ‘‘Notes Written on Finally Recording ‘Howl,’’’ in
Deliberate Prose: Selected Essays, 1952–1995, edited by
Bill Morgan, HarperCollins, 2000, pp. 229–30.
Hampton, Wilborn, Obituary of Allen Ginsberg, inNew
York Times, April 6, 1997, pp. A1, A42.
Hollander, John, Review ofHowl, and Other Poems,in
Howl: Original Draft Facsimile, Transcript, and Variant
Versions, Fully Annotated by Author, with Contempora-
neous Correspondence, Account of First Public Reading,
Legal Skirmishes, Precursor Texts, and Bibliography,by
Allen Ginsberg, edited by Barry Miles, HarperCollins,
2006, p. 161.
Holmes, John Clellon, ‘‘This Is the Beat Generation,’’ in
New York Times Magazine, November 16, 1952,
p. SM10.
Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003), http://www.law.
cornell.edu/supct/html/02-102.ZS.html (accessed July
30, 2007).
Merrill, Thomas F.,Allen Ginsberg, Twayne, 1969. p. 89.
Miles, Barry,Ginsberg: A Biography, Simon and Schuster,
1989, pp. 99, 196.
Ostriker, Alicia, ‘‘‘Howl’ Revisited: The Poet as Jew,’’ in
American Poetry Review, Vol. 26, No. 4, July–August
1997, pp. 28–31.
Ower, John, ‘‘Allen Ginsberg,’’ inDictionary of Literary
Biography, Vol. 5,American Poets since World War II,
First Series, edited by Donald J. Greiner, Gale Research,
1980, pp. 269–86.
Perlman, David, ‘‘How Captain Hanrahan Made ‘Howl’
a Best-Seller,’’ inHowl: Original Draft Facsimile, Tran-
script, and Variant Versions, Fully Annotated by Author,
with Contemporaneous Correspondence, Account of First
Public Reading, Legal Skirmishes, Precursor Texts, and
Bibliography, by Allen Ginsberg, edited by Barry Miles,
HarperCollins, 2006, p. 171.
Williams, William Carlos, Introduction to ‘‘Howl,’’ in
Collected Poems, 1947–1997, HarperCollins, 2006, p. 820.
Zweig, Paul, ‘‘A Music of Angels,’’ inNation, Vol. 208,
No. 10, March 10, 1969, pp. 311–13.Further Reading
Abele, Robert P.,A User’s Guide to the USA Patriot Act
and Beyond, University Press of America, 2005.
This book examines the controversial Patriot
Act, which passed into law six weeks after the
events of September 11, 2001, and which some
critics view as an attack on free speech and civil
liberties comparable to the McCarthyism ref-
erenced in ‘‘Howl.’’
Fried, Albert,McCarthyism: The Great American Red
Scare; A Documentary History, Oxford University Press,
1997.
This book draws upon contemporary docu-
ments to explore the period of McCarthyism,
from the late 1940s to the mid-1960s. It
describes the routine persecution of Americans
on the grounds of their being allegedly unpatri-
otic or sympathetic to Communism.
Raskin, Jonah, American Scream: Allen Ginsberg’s
‘‘Howl’’ and the Making of the Beat Generation, Univer-
sity of California Press, 2004.
Raskin investigates the cold war, the Beat
movement, and those aspects of Ginsberg’s
life and ideas that led him to write ‘‘Howl.’’
Whitman, Walt,Leaves of Grass, Dover Publications,
2007.
No study of ‘‘Howl’’ would be complete with-
out a reading of at least some of the poetry of
Whitman, one of Ginsberg’s major influences.
This collection, first published in 1855, is Whit-
man’s great free-verse hymn of praise to the
self, the body, the spirit, and nature.Howl