Parks, Carole A., ‘‘Phillis Wheatley Comes Home,’’ in
Black World, Vo. 23, No. 4, 1974, p. 95.
Rigsby, Gregory, ‘‘Form and Content in Phillis Wheat-
ley’s Elegies,’’ inCollege Language Association Journal,
Vol. 19, No. 2, December 1975, pp. 248–57.
Robinson, William H.,Phillis Wheatley and Her Writ-
ings, Garland, 1984, pp. 92–93, 97, 101, 115.
———, ed.,Critical Essays on Phillis Wheatley,G.K.
Hall, 1982, pp. 24, 27–31, 33, 36, 42–43, 47.
Shields, John C., ‘‘Phillis Wheatley and the Sublime,’’ in
Critical Essays on Phillis Wheatley, edited by William H.
Robinson, G. K. Hall, 1982, pp. 189, 193.
Smith, Eleanor, ‘‘Phillis Wheatley: A Black Perspective,’’
inJournal of Negro Education, Vol. 43, No. 3, 1974,
pp. 103–104.
Walker, Alice, ‘‘In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens:
Honoring the Creativity of the Black Woman,’’ inJackson
State Review, Vol. 61, 1974, pp. 49, 52.
Wheatley, Phillis,Complete Writings, edited by Vincent
Carretta, Penguin Books, 2001.
———, ‘‘On Being Brought from Africa to America,’’ in
The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Vol. 1,
edited by Nina Baym, Norton, 1998, p. 825.
Further Reading
Baker, Houston A., Jr.,Workings of the Spirit: The
Poetics of Afro-American Women’s Writing, University
of Chicago Press, 1991.
Baker offers readings of such authors as Zora
Neale Hurston, Toni Morrison, and Ntozake
Shange as examples of his theoretical frame-
work, explaining that African American wom-
en’s literature is concerned with a search for
spiritual identity.
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., ‘‘Phillis Wheatley and the
Nature of the Negro,’’ inCritical Essays on Phillis Wheat-
ley, edited by William H. Robinson, G. K. Hall, 1982,
pp. 215–33.
In this essay, Gates explores the philosophical
discussions of race in the eighteenth century,
summarizing arguments of David Hume, John
Locke, and Thomas Jefferson on the nature of
‘‘the Negro,’’ and how they affected the recep-
tion of Wheatley’s poetry.
Shockley, Ann Allen,Afro-American Women Writers,
1746–1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide,G.K.
Hall, 1988.
This is a chronological anthology of black
women writers from the colonial era through
the Civil War and Reconstruction and into the
early twentieth century. Both well-known and
unknown writers are represented through biog-
raphy, journals, essays, poems, and fiction.
Shuffelton, Frank, ‘‘Thomas Jefferson: Race, Culture, and
the Failure of Anthropological Method,’’ inAMixed
Race: Ethnicity in Early America, edited by Frank Shuf-
felton, Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 257–77.
This essay investigates Jefferson’s scientific
inquiry into racial differences and his conclu-
sions that Native Americans are intelligent and
that African Americans are not. Shuffelton
also surmises why Native American cultural
production was prized while black cultural
objects were not.On Being Brought from Africa to America