Glossary of Literary Terms
A
Abstract:Used as a noun, the term refers to a short
summary or outline of a longer work. As an
adjective applied to writing or literary works,
abstract refers to words or phrases that name
things not knowable through the five senses.
Accent:Theemphasisorstressplacedonasyllable
in poetry. Traditional poetry commonly uses
patterns of accented and unaccented syllables
(known as feet) that create distinct rhythms.
Much modern poetry uses less formal arrange-
ments that create a sense of freedom and
spontaneity.
Aestheticism:A literary and artistic movement of
the nineteenth century. Followers of the move-
ment believed that art should not be mixed with
social, political, or moral teaching. The state-
ment ‘‘art for art’s sake’’ is a good summary of
aestheticism. The movement had its roots in
France, but it gained widespread importance
in England in the last half of the nineteenth
century, where it helped change the Victorian
practice of including moral lessons in literature.
Affective Fallacy:An error in judging the merits or
faults of a work of literature. The ‘‘error’’ results
from stressing the importance of the work’s
effect upon the reader—that is, how it makes
a reader ‘‘feel’’ emotionally, what it does as a
literary work—instead of stressing its inner
qualities as a created object, or what it ‘‘is.’’
Age of Johnson:The period in English literature
between 1750 and 1798, named after the
most prominent literary figure of the age,
Samuel Johnson. Works written during this
time are noted for their emphasis on ‘‘sensi-
bility,’’ or emotional quality. These works
formed a transition between the rational
works of the Age of Reason, or Neoclassical
period, and the emphasis on individual feel-
ings and responses of the Romantic period.
Age of Reason:SeeNeoclassicism
Age of Sensibility:SeeAge of Johnson
Agrarians:A group of Southern American writ-
ers of the 1930s and 1940s who fostered an
economic and cultural program for the South
based on agriculture, in opposition to the
industrial society of the North. The term
can refer to any group that promotes the
value of farm life and agricultural society.
Alexandrine Meter:SeeMeter
Allegory:A narrative technique in which charac-
ters representing things or abstract ideas are
used to convey a message or teach a lesson.
Allegory is typically used to teach moral,
ethical, or religious lessons but is sometimes
used for satiric or political purposes.
Alliteration:A poetic device where the first con-
sonant sounds or any vowel sounds in words
or syllables are repeated.311