Chin, Marilyn, ‘‘How I Got That Name,’’ inThe Phoenix
Gone, the Terrace Empty, Milkweed, 1994, pp. 16–18.
Cortright, David, ‘‘A Hard Look at Iraq Sanctions,’’ in
Nation, December 3, 2001, pp. 20–24.
Ginsberg, Allen, ‘‘Howl,’’ inHowl, and Other Poems, City
Lights Books, 1996, pp. 9–27.
———, ‘‘A Supermarket in California,’’ inHowl, and
Other Poems, City Lights Books, 1996, p. 29.
Mattawa, Khaled, Introduction, inWithout an Alphabet,
Without a Face: Selected Poems, translated by Khaled
Mattawa, Graywolf Press, 2002, pp. xi, xviii–xix.
Review ofWithout an Alphabet, Without a Face: Selected
Poems, by Saadi Youssef, inPublishers Weekly, Vol. 249,
No. 47, November 25, 2002, p. 59.
Sandburg, Carl, ‘‘Hope Is a Tattered Flag,’’ inThe Com-
plete Poems of Carl Sandburg, Harcourt, 2003, p. 455.
Whitman, Walt, ‘‘I Hear America Singing,’’ inThe Port-
able Walt Whitman, edited by Michael Warner, Penguin
Books, 2004, p. 182.
Wieder, Laurance, ‘‘After Babel: Two Arab Poets—One
Palestinian, the Other Iraqi—and the Vicissitudes of
Exile and Translation,’’ inBooks & Culture, Vol. 9, No.
5, September–October 2003, pp. 8–9.
Youssef, Saadi, ‘‘America, America,’’ inWithout an
Alphabet, Without a Face: Selected Poems, translated by
Khaled Mattawa, Graywolf Press, 2002, pp. 172–76.
Further Reading
Darwish, Mahmoud,Unfortunately, It Was Paradise:
Selected Poems, translated and edited by Munir Akash
and Carolyn Forche ́, University of California Press, 2003.
Darwish is a Palestinian writer whose poetry
reflects his sense of loss at being exiled from
his country for more than two decades. Like
Youssef, he writes in Arabic and is one of the
dominant poetic voices of the Middle East in
translation today.
Handal, Nathalie, ed.,The Poetry of Arab Women: A
Contemporary Anthology, Interlink Books, 2001.
A woman was one of the first free-verse
Arabic writers to blaze the trail for writers
like Youssef, yet women’s voices in Arabic
poetry have remained largely obscured. Here,
Handal offers a wide range of women’s voices
that reflect the unique experiences and emo-
tions of Arab women.
Lewis, Adrian R.,The American Culture of War: The
History of U.S. Military Force from World War II to
Operation Iraqi Freedom, Routledge, 2007.
Lewis provides an in-depth look into the
United States military culture as it relates to
politics, technology, media, economics, and
values. By covering events from the 1940s to
the present, Lewis portrays consistent themes
and strategies present in the American mili-
tary.
Simawe, Saadi, and Daniel Weissbort, eds.,Iraqi Poetry
Today, Modern Poetry in Translation, 2003.
The years of war in Iraq in the 1980s and
1990s produced Iraqi literary voices describing
cultural changes, survival experiences, and
quests for national identity. These voices are
collected in this anthology, allowing readers
from other parts of the world insight into the
uniquely Iraqi experience.
Whitman, Walt,Leaves of Grass and Other Writings:
Authoritative Texts, Other Poetry and Prose, Criticism,
edited by Michael Moon, Norton, 2002.
Whitman has influenced writers of free verse
all over the world. This edition presents his
most famous and beloved poetic work, com-
plete with articles and notes for deeper study.America, America