Chapter 12
WHAT THE CRUSADES
A C C O M P L I S H E D - A N D
WHAT THEY DIDN'T
ther e were many crus ades , but when hist oria ns refe r to "th e
Crusades" they generally mean a series of seven campaigns by troops
fro m Wes ter n Eur ope aga in st Mus lim s in theHol y Lan d.The Fi rs tCrusa de
wascalle d in 1095 and began in 1099; the Sevent h Crusad eendedin 1250. The
last Crusader cities fell to the Muslims in 1291.
- The Fir st Crus ade (10 98- 109 9) was the mos t suc ces sfu l; The
Crus aders capt ured Jeru salem and esta blish ed seve ral stat es inthe
Middle East.
2_ Th e Se co nd Cr us ad e (1 14 6- 11 48 ) wa s an un su cc es sf ul—
in de ed. dis ast ro us— at tem pt to re cap tu re a Cr usa de r st ate ,
Edema , which had been conqu ered by the Musli ms in 1144. Atfirs t,
it was dive rted to a succe ssfu l operatio n to reca ptur e Lisbon from
the Musl ims in 1147; then, when it fina lly arriv ed inthe East , mos t
of thi s army of Crus ader s was crus hed in Asia Minor in December
1147 —before it ever reached the Holy Land. - The Thi rd Cru sad e (11 88-119 2) was cal led by Pope Gre gor yVIII
in the wakeofSalad in’scapt ure of Jeru sale m and dest ruction of the
Crusader forces at Hattin in 1187, This Crusade wasdomin ated by
stron g perso nalit ies who were often at odds with one another,
Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, King Richardthe
147
Guess what?
After the Crusades,the
Muslims resumed
their attempts to
conquer Europe by
jihad.
* Christians were as
responsible as Mus-
lims for the Islamic
conquest of Eastern
Europe; They made
short-sighted and
ultimately disastrous
alliances with jihad
forces.
- Western leaders who
think non-Muslims
ca n "w in he ar ts
and minds" among
Islamic jihadists are
similarly naive and
shortsighted,