The Burdens of World Power 17
1954), pp. 24-46. For the clearest exposition of the development of
Root's thinking on colonial and military problems, see Robert Bacon and
James Brown Scott (eds.), The Military and Colonial Policy of the
United States: Addresses and Reports by Elihu Root (Cambridge,
Mass. 1916); and U. S. War Department, Five Years of the War
Department Following the War with Spain, 1899-1903, as shown in the
Annual Reports of the Secretary of War (Washington, 1904).
- The official account is best followed in the various reports in
the U.S. War Department Annual Reports, from 1899 to 1905; the
major printed source of documents for the war with Spain and the
Philippine Insurrection is U.S. War Department, Adjutant General's
Office, Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain, April 15, 1898
July 30, 1902 (2 vols.; Washington, 1902). For a highly critical account
of both governmental policy and the Army's conduct, see Moorfield
Storey and Marcial Lichauco, The Conquest of the Philippines by the
United States, 1898-1925 (New York and London, 1926); and Leon
Wolff, Little Brown Brother (Garden City, N.Y., 1961). More balanced
accounts are by a member of the Philippine Commission, Dean C.
Worcester, The Philippines, Past and Present (2 vols.; New York, 1914);
and William T. Sexton, Soldiers in the Sun (Harrisburg, Pa., 1939),
particularly pp. 237 ff.
For first hand accounts by American officers, see James Parker, The
Old Army: Some Memories, 1872-1918 (Philadelphia, 1929), pp. 222
367; Funston, Memories of Two Wars, pp. 188 ff.; William Raymond
Bisbee, Through Four American Wars: The Impressions and Experiences
of Brigadier General William Henry Bisbee (Boston, 1931), pp. 253-75;
Scott, Some Memories of a Soldier, pp. 273-416.
- "Annual Report of Maj. Gen. Arthur MacArthur... Com
manding the Division of the Philippines," U. S. War Department,
Annual Reports, 1899-1900 (Washington, 1900), I, Part 5, 63.
- Uldarcio S. Baclagon, Philippine Campaigns (Manila, 1952), p.
- Maj. Gen. Arthur MacArthur's testimony before the Senate
Committee on the Philippines, U.S. Senate, Affairs in the Philippines,
57th Cong., 1st Sess., Sen. Doc. 331, I, 894-98. The record of the
hearings cited above (3 volumes) is an excellent source for the conduct
of pacification; another is the hearings held that year (1902) by the
same committee, Charges of Cruelty, Etc., to the Natives of the Philip
pines, Sen. Doc. 205, I, 15.
American combat casualties showed the same disparity: 4,234 killed,
2,818 wounded.
- Ganoe, The History of the United States Army, p. 411.
- Both quotes from Mark Sullivan, Our Times: The Turn of the
Century (New York and London, 1934), p. 342.
- Mark Twain, "A Defense of General Funston," North American
Review, CLXXIV (May, 1902), pp. 613-24.
- Worcester, The Philippines, Past and Present, I, 289-93; "Report
of the Secretary of War for 1902," Five Years of the War Department,
pp. 256-57.
