effectiveness factors for, §24.4
incentives for lack of, §24.2
recent developments in, §24.3(b)
valuation in, §9.2
England,§10.5
Environmental reporting:
regulations for, §§23.3(a), 23.3(b)
Australia, §23.3(a)(ii)
Denmark, §23.3(a)(iii)
the Netherlands, §23.3(a)(iv)
Norway, §23.3(a)(v)
United States, §23.3(a)(i)
voluntary, §§23.3(c), 23.3(d)
Equal opportunities reporting, §23.3(c)(ii)
Equities (stocks):
BIS standardized market risk framework for, §8.6(c)
RiskMetrics model, §8.4(c)
worldwide, market value of, §11.2
Equity (accounting term):
calculating weights of components, §9.2(d)(ii)
estimating market value of, §9.2(d)(v)
Equity method (consolidated financial statements),
§18.4(c)
Equity risk premiums, §9.2(b)
asset exposure to country risk premiums,
§9.2(b)(vii)
choosing approach to, §9.2(b)(vi)
competing views on, §9.2(b)(i)
country risk premium issue, §9.2(b)(iv)
historical approach, §9.2(b)(ii)
implied equity premiums, §9.2(b)(viii)
measuring country risk premium, §9.2(b)(v)
modified historical risk premium, §9.2(b)(iii)
Ethics:
in reporting, §23.3
standards enforcement, §15.5(a)
EU,seeEuropean Union
The Euro, §17.7
Europe, IAS use in, §16.8(a)
European Commission, §17.2(a)
European Community, §14.5(c)(i)
European Union (EU):
consolidated financial statements for subsidiaries,
§18.5(c)(iii)
Council of Ministers, §17.2(b)
European Commission, §17.2(a)
evolution of, §17.2(c)
harmonization of accounting in
auditing, §17.4
capital market enforcement, §17.5
and the Euro, §17.7
future of, §17.3(f)
history of, §17.3(a)
IFRS endorsement mechanism, §17.3(e)
impact of accounting directives, §17.3(b)
institutions related to, §17.2
taxation, §17.6
Exchange rates:
determination of, §25.5(d)
and financial reporting, see underHyperinflation
forecasting, §§6.6, 25.2
Exchange risk:
with international diversification, §11.6
management of, seeForeign exchange risk
management
Expenditures:
cash, timing of, §25.5(e)(ii)
net capital, §9.3(b)(i)
research and development, §12.6(a)
eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL),
§13.10(b)
Failure, business, seeBusiness failure classification
models
Fair value, change in, §19.8
FAS 133, seeFinancial Accounting Standard 133
FEC,seeFunctions employed comparison
Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) 133:
change in fair value, §19.8
definition of derivative, §19.4
forecast error risk, §19.14
hedge documentation, §19.7
hedge types, §19.5
HET exceptions, §19.11
HET methodologies, §19.9
historical background, §19.2
measuring ineffectiveness, §19.10
minimizing ineffectiveness, §19.13
option hedging, §19.12
overview of, §19.3
sample hedge documentation, §19.A
termination events, §19.6
Financial disclosure, seeDisclosure
Financial leases, noncapitalization of, §4.4(c)(ii)
Financial projections, inflation and, §20.5(b)
Financial reporting, seeReporting
Financial services industry/systems. See also
Integration of world financial markets
activity segments
advisory services, §2.3(a)(viii)
brokerage, §2.3(a)(v)
hedging, §2.3(a)(vii)
infrastructure services, §2.3(a)(xi)
investment management services, §2.3(a)(x)
investment research, §2.3(a)(vi)
investor services, §2.3(a)(x)
principal investing, §2.3(a)(ix)
privatizations, §2.3(a)(iii)
risk management, §2.3(a)(vii)
securities underwriting, §2.3(a)(ii)
trading, §2.3(a)(iv)
wholesale lending, §2.3(a)(i)
competitive advantage, §2.4
intermediation, process of, §2.2
shifts in intermediary market shares, §2.2(b)
static/dynamic efficiency of, §2.2(a)
Financial statements. See alsoReporting
balance sheet, §26.4(c)
cash flow statements, §13.6
consolidated,seeConsolidated financial
statements
and differences in accounting principles, §12.6
disclosure for nondomestic users of, §13.7
model IAS statements, §16.12
Financial strategies, inflation and, §20.5(d)
Finland,§10.20
Fire Scoring system, §10.7(c)
Fixed assets:
depreciation of, §4.4(a)(i)
differences in accounting for, §12.6(b)INDEX• 5