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long term growth from hydrofracking, and the danger posed to
tourism and agriculture. Some academics and economists have
disputed recent reports about the economic benefits of
hydrofracking.^60 Specifically, the accuracy of a recent
Pennsylvania State University study in favor of hydrofracking
has been called into question by reports that its funding came
from oil and gas companies.^61 Other experts and scholars dispute
the number of jobs that would actually be created due to the
“capital intensive” nature of hydrofracking.^62 There are also
concerns over whether any job creation would be sustainable
over the long term.^63 In addition, many landowners are nervous
about hydrofracking’s effect on New York’s large agricultural^64
and wine businesses.^65 Damage to farmland could lead to an
increase in milk prices.^66 Furthermore, increased ozone
emissions from hydrofracking could negatively affect soy and
grape production.^67 Vineyard owners, some of whom are on the
northern fringe of the Marcellus Shale, are concerned about
(^60) Jim Efstahiou Jr., Penn State Faculty Snub of Fracking Study Ends
Research, BLOOMBERG (Oct. 3, 2012), http://www.bloomberg.com/news/
print/2012-10-03/penn-state-faculty-snub-of-fracking-study-ends-research.html
(reporting that a recent hydrofracking study at Pennsylvania State University
study was canceled after criticism from faculty members that the report was
biased in favor of the hydrofracking industry).
(^61) Id.
(^62) Carolyn Krupski, Experts Debate Effects of Fracking on New York
State Economy, Environment, CORNELL DAILY SUN (Nov. 16, 2012),
http://cornellsun.com/node/54307 (noting that since hydrofracking is capital-
intensive, jobs are often only associated with the construction of the wells,
and once the wells are complete there is often less need for labor).
(^63) See id.
(^64) See id. (describing the danger posed to New York’s agricultural
commodities from hydrofracking based on the effect of hydrofracking in
Pennsylvania and possible increased ozone emissions).
(^65) See Michael Hill, Wine and Fracking Don’t Mix, Say Vineyard
Owners, ASSOCIATED PRESS (Oct. 23, 2012), http://bigstory.ap.org/
article/wine-and-fracking-dont-mix-say-vineyard-owners (noting the fears of
upstate N.Y. vineyard owners that hydrofracking will negatively impact their
businesses).
(^66) See Krupski, supra note 62 (noting the negative impact of
hydrofracking on agriculture and milk prices in Pennsylvania).
(^67) Id.