possible to endow a single glass chip with wide-
ly and continuously tunable colors or to print
NC-based devices such asm-LEDs and displays
inside solids ( 5 , 29 ).
The PNC-based glass can be used as the
key component of photonic devices, not just
as a transparent protection layer or substrate
( 33 ). We demonstrated one-step 3D print-
ing of colored PNC patterns with a dot size
<10mm (fig. S20) that can be used for build-
ing micrometer-sized devices. Combining com-
mercially available UV or blue LED arrays, this
technology could apply to the fabrication of
m-LEDs (fig. S21), high-resolution displays, and
even white LEDs (figs. S22 and S23) ( 2 , 29 , 34 ).
Moreover, the PNC arrays were used as a holo-
graphic display device. Through the switching
of holograms, the dynamic holographic dis-
playbasedonsuchaPNC-baseddevicewas
achieved (Fig. 4H, fig. S24, and movie S1).
Three holographic images (letters“Z,”“J,”and
“U”) were further reconstructed simultaneously
in multiple planes along the light propagation
direction, indicating that the excitation of spe-
cific PNC patterns enabled realization of a 3D
holographic display (fig. S25).
Because liquid nanophase separation only
occurs at a local position inside glass, the 3D
direct lithography represents a completely
dry fabrication technique that advances the
fabrication of structures and devices with high
throughput and high scalability. It excludes
contamination with organic components (re-
agents and solvents) during material synthesis
and device processing. Furthermore, the high-
temperature stability indicates that the PNC
glass-based devices can be applied for long-
term applications ( 35 ). The present study dem-
onstrates that the composition and bandgap of
PNCs could be tailored over the entire tunable
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Y. Zhang (Qilu University of Technology) for
performing differential scanning calorimetry measurements.
Funding:This work was financially supported by the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. U20A20211,
51902286, 61775192, 61905215, 51772270, and 62005164) and
the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center Program 2021-2025
(NO.20).Author contributions:K.S., D.T., and X.F. contributed
equally to this work. D.T. conceived the idea. J.Q. organized,
coordinated, and supervised the project. K.S. and X.X.
performed the experiments and collected the data. X.F. and D.L.
carried out the holographic display experiment. Y.L. and Z.L.
carried out the LED device experiment. J.S. performed the
theoretical calculations. D.T., Y.Y., and J.Q. interpreted the
results and proposed the mechanism of the composition
engineering of perovskite nanocrystals in glass with a laser. D.T.
wrote the manuscript. M.G. supervised the holographic display
experiment and reviewed the manuscript. D.T., Y.Y., and J.Q.
discussed and revised the manuscript.Competing interests:
The authors declare no competing interests.Data and
materials availability:All data needed to evaluate the
conclusions in the paper are available in the main text or the
supplementary materials.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj2691
Materials and Methods
Supplementary Text
Figs. S1 to S41
Tables S1 to S6
References ( 36 – 58 )
Movie S1
2 May 2021; resubmitted 13 October 2021
Accepted 2 December 2021
10.1126/science.abj2691310 21 JANUARY 2022•VOL 375 ISSUE 6578 science.orgSCIENCE
Fig. 4. Direct lithography of PNC patterns and devices.(AtoC) Zhejiang University logos based on
CsPb(Br 1 −xIx) 3 NCs with varied compositions in one piece of glass. (DtoF) Typical PL images of the multicolor
patterns produced with CsPb(Br 1 −xIx) 3 NCs in the Br−-I−doped glass (D), CsPb(Cl 1 −xBrx) 3 NCs in the Cl−-Br−doped
glass (E), and CsPb(Cl 1 −x−yBrxIy) 3 NCs in the Cl−-Br−-I−codoped glass (F). The colorful patterns were produced by
adjusting the parameters during writing. (G)3DmicrohelixCsPb(Br 1 −xIx) 3 NC arrays. The patterns were excited
by UV light. (H) Demonstration of a dynamic holographic display. The letters at the top left represent the images
shown at different times (t= 3, 6, 9, 24, 27, and 33 s, respectively) in the demonstration of a dynamic holographic
display. The excitation wavelength is 532 nm. Scale bars in (A) to (F) are 100mm.
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