The Foundations of Chemistry

OUTLINE

Saturated Hydrocarbons

27-1 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

27-2 Naming Saturated

Hydrocarbons

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

27-3 Alkenes

27-4 Alkynes

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

27-5 Benzene

27-6 Other Aromatic Hydrocarbons

27-7 Hydrocarbons: A Summary

Functional Groups

27-8 Organic Halides

27-9 Alcohols and Phenols

27-10 Ethers

27-11 Aldehydes and Ketones

27-12 Amines

27-13 Carboxylic Acids

27-14 Some Derivatives of

Carboxylic Acids

27-15 Summary of Functional

Groups

Fundamental Classes of Organic

Reactions

27-16 Substitution Reactions

27-17 Addition Reactions

27-18 Elimination Reactions

27-19 Polymerization Reactions

OBJECTIVES

After you have studied this chapter, you should be able to

• Describe saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes and cycloalkanes)—their structures and their
  nomenclature


• Describe unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes)—their structures and their
  nomenclature


• Draw and name constitutional isomers of alkanes


• Draw and name constitutional and geometric isomers of alkenes


• Describe and name some aromatic hydrocarbons—benzene, condensed aromatics, and
  substituted aromatic compounds


• Describe some common functional groups and name compounds from the following
  classes
  halides
  alcohols and phenols
  ethers
  aldehydes and ketones
  amines
  carboxylic acids and some of their derivatives


• Recognize examples of the three fundamental classes of organic reactions: substitution,
  addition, and elimination


• Recall some uses of three fundamental classes of organic reactions and some compounds
  that are prepared by each class of reaction


• Recognize some common polymers and the reactions by which they are formed; identify
  the monomers from which they are formed

Waxes are high-molecular-weight
straight-chain alkanes, alcohols, and
carboxylic acids.