The Foundations of Chemistry

Figure 27-20 Summary of some functional groups and classes of organic compounds.

1084 CHAPTER 27: Organic Chemistry I: Formulas, Names, and Properties

FUNCTIONAL GROUP CLASS OF COMPOUNDS SOME EXAMPLES

C C

Organic

compounds

with functional

groups

C C

X

(X F, Cl, Br, I)

OH

C O C

N

O

C OH

O

C OR

O

C N

O

C Y

Alkenes

(Section 27-3)

Alkynes

(Section 27-4)

Organic halides

(Section 27-8)

Alcohols, R OH

(Section 27-9)

Phenols, Ar OH

(Section 27-9)

Ethers

(Section 27-10)

Amines

(Section 27-12)

Carboxylic acids

(Section 27-13)

Esters

(Section 27-14)

Amides

(Section 27-14)

Aldehydes (Y  H)

(Section 27-11)

Ketones (Y  R or Ar)

(Section 27-11)

ethylene, butene,

cyclohexene

acetylene, propyne

methyl chloride,

chloroform

ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol,

2-butanol

phenol, m-cresol,

diethyl ether,

methyl phenyl ether,

diphenyl ether

methylamine, aniline,

dimethylamine, pyridene

formic acid, acetic acid

benzoic acid

ethyl acetate,

glyceryl tristearate

N-methylacetamide,

acetanilide,

various polyamides

formaldehyde, acetaldehyde

benzaldehyde

acetone, cyclohexanone,

camphor

O

C X

(X halogen)

Acyl halides

(Section 27-14) acetyl chloride