1100 CHAPTER 27: Organic Chemistry I: Formulas, Names, and Properties
*038.Write the IUPAC names for the following compounds.Alkyl and Aryl Halides
*039.(a) Write the general representation for the formula of an
alkyl halide. (b) How does this differ from the represen-
tation for the formula of an aryl halide?
*040.Write the IUPAC names for the following halides.(c) CH 2 ClCH 2 Cl*041.Write the structural formulas for the following:
(a) 2,2-dichloropentane; (b) 3-bromo-1-butene;
(c) 1,2-dichloro-2-fluoropropane; (d) p-dichloro-
benzene.
*042.Name the following.*043.The compound 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)
was used as a pesticide in the 1970s. Recently, agricul-
tural workers have claimed that exposure to DBCP made
them sterile. Write the structural formula for this com-
pound.(d)ClBr
ClBr
Cl
(b)CH 3Cl(c)IBrBrI(a)ClCl
ClCl H(d)Cl CCClCH 3(b)CH 3 CH CH 2 Cl(a) CH 2 CH 2 Cl(d)CH 3
CH 3CH 3
CH 3(b) H 3 CCH 3CH 3H 3 C(c)CH 2 CH 3CH 2 CH 3CH 3H 3 C(a)CH 3CH 2 CH 3Alcohols and Phenols
*044.(a) What are alcohols and phenols? (b) How do they
differ? (c) Why can alcohols and phenols be viewed as
derivatives of hydrocarbons? as derivatives of water?
*045.(a) Distinguish among primary, secondary, and tertiary
alcohols. (b) Write names and formulas for three alcohols
of each type.
*046.Write structural formulas for and write the IUPAC names
of the eight (saturated) alcohols that contain five carbon
atoms and one XOH group per molecule. Which ones
may be classified as primary alcohols? secondary alcohols?
tertiary alcohols?
*047.(a) What are glycols? (b) Write the structural formula of
three examples. (c) Why are glycols more soluble in water
than monohydric alcohols that contain the same number
of carbon atoms?
*048.Refer to Table 27-8, and explain the trends in boiling
points and solubilities of alcohols in water.
*049.Why are methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol called wood
alcohol and grain alcohol, respectively?
*050.Why are most phenols only slightly soluble in water?
*051.Write the structural formula for each of the follow-
ing compounds: (a) 2-butanol; (b) cyclohexanol;
(c) 1,4-butanediol.
*052.Give the IUPAC name for each of the following com-
pounds.*053.Which of the following compounds are phenols? Give the
IUPAC name for each compound.*054.Write the structural formulas for the following:
(a) p-iodophenol; (b) 4-nitrophenol (the nitro group is
XNO 2 ); (c) m-nitrophenol.(c) (e) OHOH
OH(d)OH
(b) OHCH 3(d)CH 3 C OHCH 3CH 3(b)CH 3 C CH 2 CH 2 OHCH 3CH 3(c)CH 2 CH 2 CH 2OH OH(a)CH 3 CH 2 CHCH 2 OHCH 3(a) CH 2 CH 2 OH