Exercises 1101Ethers
*055.Distinguish among aliphatic ethers, aromatic ethers, and
mixed ethers.
*056.Briefly describe the bonding around the oxygen atom in
dimethyl ether. What intermolecular forces are found in
this ether?
*057.What determines whether an ether is “symmetrical” or
“asymmetrical”?
0 *58.Write the structural formulas for the following: (a) meth-
oxymethane; (b) 2-ethoxypropane; (c) 1,3-dimethoxybu-
tane; (d) ethoxybenzene; (e) methoxycyclobutane.
*059.Give the IUPAC name for the following ethers.
(a) CH 3 XOXCH 2 CH 2 CH 3Amines
*060.(a) What are amines? (b) Why are amines described as
derivatives of ammonia?
*061.Write the general representation for the formula for a
compound that is (a) a primary amine, (b) a secondary
amine, (c) a tertiary amine. Is (CH 3 ) 2 CHNH 2 a secondary
amine? Give a reason for your answer.
*062.Name the following amines.*063.The stench of decaying proteins is due in part to two
compounds whose structures and common names are(d)CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3(c) NHCH 3(b) O 2 N NH 2(The —NO 2 substituent is called “nitro-.”)(a)CH 3 CH 2CH 3 CH 2NH(d) O CH 3(c) O CH 2 CH 3(b)CH 3 O CH CH 3CH 3H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 putrescine
H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 cadaverineName these compounds as amino-substituted alkanes.Aldehydes and Ketones
*064.(a) List several naturally occurring aldehydes and ketones.
(b) What are their sources? (c) What are some uses of
these compounds?
*065.(a) Distinguish between aldehydes and ketones. (b) Cite
three examples (each) of aliphatic and aromatic aldehy-
des and ketones by drawing structural formulas, and give
the IUPAC names of the compounds.
0 *66.Write the structural formulas for the following:
(a) 2-methylbutanal; (b) propanal; (c) o-methoxy-
benzaldehyde; (d) butanone; (e) bromopropanone;
(f ) 3-heptanone.
0 *67.Name the following compounds.Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
*068.(a) What are carboxylic acids? (b) Write structural for-
mulas for and write the IUPAC names of five carboxylic
acids.
*069.(a) Why are aliphatic carboxylic acids sometimes called
fatty acids? Cite two examples.
*070.(a) What are acyl chlorides, or acid chlorides? (b) Write
structural formulas for four acid chlorides, and give their
IUPAC names.
*071.(a) What are esters? (b) Write structural formulas for four
esters, and give their IUPAC names.
*072.Write the structural formulas for the following:
(a) methylpropanoic acid; (b) 3-bromobutanoic acid;
(c) p-nitrobenzoic acid; (d) potassium benzoate; (e) 2-
aminopropanoic acid.
*073.(a) What are fats? What are oils? (b) Write the general
formulas for fats and oils.
*074.(a) What are glycerides? Distinguish between simple glyc-
erides and mixed glycerides. (b) Write the IUPAC names
and structural formulas for three simple glycerides.
*075.Write the IUPAC names and structural formulas for some
acids that occur in fats and oils (as esters).
*076.What are waxes?(d) CCH 2 CH 3O(b) O(c)HCCH 2 CHBrBr O(a)CH 3 CHCH 2 CHCH 3O