The Foundations of Chemistry

Exercises 1103

*102.What changes could be made in the structures of poly-
mer molecules that would increase the rigidity of a
polymer and raise its melting point?

103.Methyl vinyl ketone, can be poly-
merized by addition polymerization. The addition
reaction involves only the CUC bond. Write the
structural formula of a four-unit segment of this
polymer.
104.(a) What is rubber? (b) What is vulcanization? (c) What
is the purpose of vulcanizing rubber? (d) What are fillers
and reinforcing agents? (e) What is their purpose?
105.(a) What is an elastomer? (b) Cite a specific example.
(c) What are some of the advantages of neoprene com-
pared with natural rubber?
106.(a) What are polyamides? (b) What kind of reaction forms
polyamides?
107.(a) What are polyesters? (b) What is Dacron? (c) How
is Dacron prepared? (d) What is Mylar? (e) Is it rea-
sonable to assume that a polyester can be made from
propylene glycol and terephthalic acid? If so, sketch its
structure.
108.Suppose the following glycol is used with terephthalic
acid to form a polyester. Write the structure of the poly-
mer, showing two repeating units.

*109.Write the structural formula of the monomer used in
preparation of each of the following polymers.

110.Is it possible to produce a copolymer by addition poly-
merization? If so, give an example. If not, explain why
not.
111.(a) What is nylon? (b) How is it prepared?
*112.Common nylon is called nylon 66. (a) What does
this mean? (b) Write formulas for two other possible
nylons.

C

CH 3

CH 2 C

CH 3

CH 3 CH 3

CH 2 C CH 2

CH 3

CH 3

(b)......

C

CH 3

CH 2 C

CH 3

CH 2 C CH 2

CH 3

(a)......

HOCH 2 CH 2 OH

CH 3 CCH CH 2 ,

O

Mixed Exercises

*113.Identify the class of organic compounds (ester, ether,

ketone, and so on) to which each of the following belongs.

*114.Identify the class of organic compounds (ester, ether,

ketone, etc.) to which each of the following belongs.

*115.Identify and name the functional groups in each of the

following.

*116.Identify and name the functional groups in the

following.

(a)CH 3 CH 2 CCH 2 CCH 2 CH 3

O O

(d) N CH 2 CH 3

CH 3

(c)

OC

OH

NO 2

CH 2 CH 2 OH

(b)CH 2 CH C O CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

O

(a)HO COH

O

C

O

(c) CH 2 CH 2 CCl

O

(b) CH 2 OCH

O

(a) COH

O

CH 3 CCH 2

O

(b) O (d)

(a) CH 2 CH 2 OH(c) OH

(d) CNH 2

O