The Foundations of Chemistry

348 CHAPTER 8: Molecular Structure and Covalent Bonding Theories

(b) glycine (an amino acid)

(c) nitrobenzene

(d) chloroprene (used to make neoprene, a synthetic

rubber)

(e) 4-penten-1-yne

*57.Predict the hybridization at the numbered atoms (➀, ➁,
and so on) in the following molecules and predict the
approximate bond angles at those atoms.
(a) diethyl ether, an anesthetic

H

C

HH

HCO H

H

H

H H H

CC

1 2

H

C

HH

HCCC H

H

CC

H

C

H Cl

C

H

HCCC H

H

H H

HH

N

O

O

H

HC

O

O

C

H

N H

H

(b) caffeine, a stimulant in coffee and in many over-the-

counter medicinals^1

(c) acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)^1

(d) nicotine^1

(e) ephedrine, a nasal decongestant^1

H

H H

HH

N

H

C

H

OH

H

H

C H

1

2

4

3

CC

C C

H

H

N

H N

H

H

H

HHH

H

H

CH 3

1

4

(^25)
3
H
H
H
C
C
O
O
O C
O H
H
H
H
H
2
1
3
H
H
HH
O
O N
N
N
C
C
C
N
H H H
H
H
H
2
1
3
(^1) In these kinds of structural drawings, each intersection of lines
represents a C atom.
O
1
C
2