Reference Book
- lists the Ingredients of ink, its Properties and the steps in manufacturing
of ink. - categorises the methods of Ink drying.
- categorises different types of Ink.
- identifies the chemicals used in Printing.
Paper - Brief History of Paper
Origin of paper
Paper is a flat material produced from plant fibers that are mechanically or
chemically treated or thermo-mechanically treated with chemicals.Of all the
writing materials mankind has employed down through the ages, pape has
become the most widely used around the world. The word paper is derived
from papyrus, a plant which grows in Africa. Thin strips cut out of the inside
of the plant were laid down next to each other, pressed, beaten, and smoothed
out. Paper, as we know, traces its roots back to China at the beginning of the
first millennium AD. Originally intended purely for writing and printing
purposes, a dazzling array of paper products are available to today’s consumer
from papyrus.
China: birthplace of paper AD 105
The actual invention of paper produced from plant fibers such as bamboo fibers
dates back to AD 105. Tsai Lun from China invented a paper making process
which primarily used rags (textile waste) as the raw material.
Papermaking spreads across Asia, Middle East and Europe- AD 610
Chinese papermaking techniques reached Korea at an early date and were
introduced to Japan in the year 610. In these two countries paper is still made
by hand on a large scale in the old tradition
Very soon, knowledge of papermaking spread to Central Asia and Tibet and
then on to India. As the Arab world expanded eastwards it too became
acquainted with the production of paper and paper mills were set up in Baghdad,
Damascus and Cairo, and later in Morocco, Spain and Sicily.
European papermakers continue the innovation- 14th Century
The export of the technique of papermaking to Europe, especially to Italy, has
been well documented. The first documented papermaking on German soil
was in 1390 when the Nuremberg councillor Ulmann Stromer commissioned
a paper mill.
The advantages of mill-based papermaking spread throughout Europe in the
15th and 16th centuries. In Germany, by the end of the 16th century there were
190 mills.