Modern Control Engineering

(Chris Devlin) #1
Section 6–3 / Plotting Root Loci with MATLAB 299

Conditionally Stable Systems. Consider the negative feedback system shown


in Figure 6–24. We can plot the root loci for this system by applying the general rules and


procedure for constructing root loci, or use MATLAB to get root-locus plots. MAT-


LAB Program 6–7 will plot the root-locus diagram for the system. The plot is shown in


Figure 6–25.


R(s) K(s (^2) + 2 s+4) C(s)
s(s+ 4) (s+ 6)(s^2 + 1.4s+ 1)










Figure 6–24
Control system.


MATLAB Program 6–7


num = [1 2 4];


den = conv(conv([1 4 0],[1 6]), [1 1.4 1]);


rlocus(num, den)


v = [-7 3 -5 5]; axis(v); axis('square')


grid


title('Root-Locus Plot of G(s) = K(s^2 + 2s + 4)/[s(s + 4)(s + 6)(s^2 + 1.4s + 1)]')


text(1.0, 0.55,'K = 12')


text(1.0,3.0,'K = 73')


text(1.0,4.15,'K = 154')


Real Axis

− 73 − 6 − 5 − 4 − 3 − 2 − 1 021

Imag Axis

− 5

5
4

3
2

− 3

− 2

− 1

− 4

0

1

Root-Locus Plot of G(s) = K(s^2 + 2s+ 4)/[s(s + 4)(s + 6)(s^2 + 1.4s + 1)]

K= 12

K= 73

K= 154

Figure 6–25
Root-locus plot of
conditionally stable
system.


It can be seen from the root-locus plot of Figure 6–25 that this system is stable only


for limited ranges of the value of K—that is,0<K<12and73<K<154.The sys-


tem becomes unstable for 12<K<73and154<K.(IfKassumes a value corre-


sponding to unstable operation, the system may break down or may become nonlinear


due to a saturation nonlinearity that may exist.) Such a system is called conditionally


stable.

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