E
eAt:
computation of, 670–71
Eigenvalue, 652
invariance of, 655
Electromagnetic valve, 23
Electronic controller, 77, 83
Engineering organizational system, 5–6
Equivalent moment of inertia, 234
Equivalent spring constant, 64
Equivalent viscous-friction coefficient,
65, 234
Evans, W. R., 2, 11, 269
Exponential response curve, 162F
Feedback compensation, 308–09, 342, 519
Feedback control, 3
Feedback control system, 7
Feedback system, 20
Feedforward transfer function, 19
Final value theorem, 866
First-order lag circuit, 80
First-order system, 161–64
unit-impulse response of, 163
unit-ramp response of, 162–63
unit-step response of, 161–62
Flapper, 110
valve, 156
Fluid systems:
mathematical modeling of, 100
Free-body diagram, 69–70
Frequency response, 398
correlation between step response
and, 471–74
lag compensation based on, 502–11
lag–lead compensation based on,
511–17
lead compensation based on, 493–502
Full-order state observer, 752–53
Functional block, 17G
Gain crossover frequency, 467–69
Gain margin, 464–67
Gas constant, 108
for air, 142
universal, 108
Gear train, 232
system, 232–34
Generalized plant, 813, 815–17
diagram, 810–16, 853–54H
H infinity control problem, 816
H infinity norm, 6, 808888 IndexHazen, 2, 11
High-pass filter, 495
Higher-order systems, 179
transient response of, 180–81
Hurwitz determinants, 252–58
Hurwitz stability criterion, 252–53, 255–58
equivalence of Routh’s stability
criterion and, 255–57
Hydraulic controller:
integral, 130
jet-pipe, 147
proportional, 131
proportional-plus-derivative, 134–35
proportional-plus-integral, 133–34
proportional-plus-integral-plus-
derivative, 135–36
Hydraulic servo system, 124–25
Hydraulic servomotor, 128, 130, 156
Hydraulic system, 106, 123–39, 149
advantages and disadvantages of, 124
compared with pneumatic system, 106I
Ideal gas law, 108
Impedance:
approach to obtain transfer function,
75–76
Impulse function, 866
Impulse response, 163, 178–79, 195–97
function, 16–17
Industrial controllers, 22
Initial condition:
response to, 203–11
Initial value theorem, 866
Input filter, 261, 630
Input matrix, 31
Integral control, 220
Integral control action, 24–25, 218
Integral controller, 22
Integral gain, 61
Integral time, 25, 61
Integration of matrix, 880
Inverse Laplace transform:
partial-fraction expansion method for
obtaining, 867–73
Inverse Laplace transformation, 862
Inverse of a matrix:
MATLAB approach to obtain, 879
Inverse polar plot, 461–62, 537–38
Inverted-pendulum system, 68–72, 98
Inverted-pendulum control system,
746–51
Inverting amplifier, 78
I-PD control, 591–92
I-PD-controlled system, 592, 628–29, 643
with feedforward control, 642Openmirrors.com