Pilot valve, 124, 130
PI-PD control, 592
PID-PD control, 592
Plant, 3
Pneumatic actuating valve, 117–18
Pneumatic controllers, 144–45, 154–55
Pneumatic nozzle-flapper amplifier, 110
Pneumatic on-off controller, 115
Pneumatic pressure system, 142
Pneumatic proportional controller, 112–16
force-balance type, 115–16
force-distance type, 112–15
Pneumatic proportional-plus-derivative
controller, 119–20
Pneumatic proportional-plus-integral
control action, 120–22
Pneumatic proportional-plus-integral-
plus-derivative control action,
122–23
Pneumatic relay, 111
bleed type, 111
nonbleed type, 111
reverse acting, 112
Pneumatic systems, 106–23, 153
compared with hydraulic system, 106
Pneumatic two-position controller, 115
Polar grids, 297
Polar plot, 403, 427–28, 430, 432
Pole: 861
of order n, 861
simple, 861
Pole assignment technique, 723
Pole-placement:
necessary and sufficient conditions for
arbitrary, 725
Pole placement problem, 723–35
solving with MATLAB, 735–36
Positive-feedback system:
Nyquist plot for, 536–37
root loci for, 303–07
Positional servo system, 95–97
Pressure system, 107, 109
Principle of duality, 687
Principle of superposition, 43
Process, 3
Proportional control, 219
Proportional control action, 24
Proportional controller, 22
Proportional gain, 25, 61
Proportional-plus-derivative control:
of second-order system, 224
of system with inertia load, 223
Proportional-plus-derivative control
action, 25
Proportional-plus-derivative controller,
22, 542892 IndexProportional-plus-integral control action,
24
Proportional-plus-integral controller, 22,
121, 542
Proportional-plus-integral-plus-
derivative control action, 25
Proportional-plus-integral-plus-
derivative controller, 22
Pulse function, 866Q
Quadratic factor, 410
log-magnitude curves of, 411
phase-angle curves of, 411
Quadratic optimal control problem:
MATLAB solution of, 804
Quadratic optimal regulator system,
793–95
MATLAB design of, 797R
Ramp response, 197
Rank of matrix, 875
Reduced-matrix Riccati equation, 795–97
Reduced-order observer, 752
Reduced-order state observer, 752
Reference input, 21
Regulator system with observer
controller, 778–86, 789
Relative stability, 160, 217, 462
Residue, 867
Residue theorem, 527
Resistance:
gas-flow, 107
laminar-flow, 101–02
of pressure system, 107, 109
of thermal system, 137
turbulent-flow, 102
Resonant frequency, 430, 470
Resonant peak, 413, 430, 470
versuszcurve, 413
Resonant peak magnitude, 413, 470
Response:
to arbitrary input, 201
to initial condition, 203–11
to torque disturbance, 221
Reverse-acting relay, 112
Riccati equation, 795
Rise time, 169–171
obtaining with MATLAB, 193–94
Robust control:
system, 16, 806–17
theory, 2, 7
Robust performance, 7, 807, 812
Robust pole placement, 735
Robust stability, 7, 807, 809Openmirrors.com