Temperature control systems, 4–5
Test signals, 159
Text:
writing on the graphic screen, 188
Thermal capacitance, 137
Thermal resistance, 137
Thermal systems, 100,136–39
Thermometer system, 151–52
Three-degrees-of-freedom system, 645
Three-dimensional plot, 192
of unit-step response curves with
MATLAB, 191–93
Traffic control system, 8
Transfer function, 15
of cascaded elements, 73–74
of cascaded systems, 20
closed-loop, 20
of closed-loop system, 20
experimental determination of, 489–90
expression in terms of A,B,C, and D,34
of feedback system, 19
feedforward, 19
of minimum-order observer-based
controller, 777
of nonloading cascaded elements,
77
observer-controller, 762, 780–82
open-loop, 19
of parallel systems, 20
sinusoidal, 401
Transfer matrix, 35
Transformation:
from state space to transfer function,
41–42, 657
from transfer function to state space,
40–41, 656
Transient response, 160
analysis with MATLAB, 183–211
of higher-order system, 180
specifications, 169, 171
Transport lag, 417
phase angle characteristics of, 417
Turbulent-flow resistance, 102
Two-degrees-of-freedom control system,
593–95, 599–614, 636–41, 646–47
Two-position control action, 22–23
Two-position controller, 22
Type 0 system, 225, 230, 488
log-magnitude curve for, 419, 488
polar plot of, 433
Type 1 servo system:
design of, 743–51
pole-placement design of, 739–46
Type 1 system, 420
log-magnitude curve for, 420, 488
polar plot of, 433894 IndexType 2 system, 421
log-magnitude curve for, 421, 488
polar plot of, 433U
Uncontrollable system, 681
Undamped natural frequency, 165
Underdamped system, 166–67
Underlapped spool valve, 146
Unit acceleration input, 247
Unit-impulse response:
of first-order system, 163
of second-order system, 178
Unit-impulse response curves:
a family of, 178
obtained by use of MATLAB, 196–97
Unit-ramp response:
of first-order system, 162–63
of second-order system, 197–200
of system defined in state space,
199–200
Unit-step response:
of first-order system, 161
of second-order system, 163, 167, 169
Universal gas constant, 108
Unstructured uncertainty:
additive, 852–53
multiplicative, 809
system with, 809V
Valve:
overlapped, 130
underlapped, 130
zero-lapped, 130
Valve coefficient, 127
Vectors:
linear dependence of, 674
linear independence of, 674
Velocity error, 227
Velocity feedback, 176, 343, 519W
Watt’s speed governor, 4
Weighting function, 17Z
Zero, 861
of order m, 862
Zero-lapped valve, 130
Zero placement, 595, 597, 612
approach to improve response charac-
teristics, 595–97
Ziegler–Nichols tuning rules, 11, 568–77
first method, 569–70
second method, 570–71Openmirrors.com