Chemistry, Third edition

266 15 · DYNAMIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA often confusing to beginners in the subject and is worthy of further explanation. To do thi ...

EQUILIBRIUM LAW AND EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT Equilibrium law and equilibrium constant Equilibrium law For any chemical reaction at e ...

15 · DYNAMIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA Kc(T)is practically important because it does not depend upon the concentrations of the reactan ...

MEANING OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS The experimental rate expression for the back reaction(equation (15.2)) turns out to be equally ...

15 · DYNAMIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA Suppose that for a different reaction, say C\===\D, there were 15 molecules of C and 1 of D at ...

MEANING OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS Values of equilibrium constants for reverse reactions The equilibrium constant for the formatio ...

15 · DYNAMIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA For example, Kc(T)for the reaction Cu^2 (aq)Zn(s)\===\Zn^2 (aq)Cu(s) is 1  1037 at room te ...

EFFECTS OF CHANGING CONCENTRATION concentration of HI in Table 15.2 should be twice the lossin concentration of H 2 or I 2 that ...

15 · DYNAMIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA for experiment 1 Kc(T)= 4.1 for experiment 2 Kc(T)= 4.0 for experiment 3 Kc(T)= 4.0 Three featu ...

EFFECTS OF CHANGING CONCENTRATION rium constant is very large (so that the reaction goes to completion) or very small (so that r ...

15 · DYNAMIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA Effect of temperature on equilibrium constants The effect of temperature upon Kc(T)is summarize ...

EFFECTS OF CHANGING CONCENTRATION Formation of hydrogen-bonded compounds The reactions in which hydrogen-bonded compoundsare f ...

15 · DYNAMIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA Catalysts and equilibria A catalyst increases the rate constant for the forward and back reacti ...

EFFECTS OF CHANGING CONCENTRATION 279 3.Consider the gaseous reaction H 2 SO 4 (g)\===\H 2 O(g)SO 3 (g) which we shall assume i ...

15 · DYNAMIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA sides of the equation, altering the total pressure of the equilibrium mixture will not affect t ...

PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA BY THE HABER–BOSCH PROCESS 281 Production of ammonia by the Haber–Bosch process A piece of history Up unti ...

282 15 · DYNAMIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA ●Operating at higher temperatures increases the reaction rate but reduces Kc(T) enormously ...

REVISION QUESTIONS 283 Since [C(s)] is constant, [CO(g)]^2 Kc(T) [CO 2 (g)] whereKc(T)=Kc(T)[C(s)]. Application of the equil ...

284 15 · DYNAMIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA (ii) In an experiment, ethanol and ethanoic acid were mixed and allowed to equilibrate at 2 ...

Acid–Base Equilibria Objectives To use the ionic product constant of water in calculations Defines pH, pOH, pKaand pKb Discus ...