Handbook of Civil Engineering Calculations

SECTION 5

SURVEYING,

ROUTE DESIGN,

AND HIGHWAY BRIDGES

SURVEYING AND ROUTE DESIGN

Plotting a Closed Traverse
Area of Tract with Rectilinear Boundaries
Partition of a Tract
Area of Tract with Meandering Boundary: Offsets at Irregular Intervals
Differential Leveling Procedure
Stadia Surveying
Volume of Earthwork
Determination of Azimuth of a Star by Field Astronomy
Time of Culmination of a Star
Plotting a Circular Curve
Intersection of Circular Curve and Straight Line
Realignment of Circular Curve by Displacement of Forward Tangent
Characteristics of a Compound Curve
Analysis of a Highway Transition Spiral
Transition Spiral: Transit at Intermediate Station
Plotting a Parabolic Arc
Location of a Single Station on a Parabolic Arc
Location of a Summit
Parabolic Curve to Contain a Given Point
Sight Distance on a Vertical Curve
Mine Surveying: Grade of Drift
Determining Strike and Dip from Two Apparent Dips
Determination of Strike, Dip, and Thickness from Two Skew Boreholes
AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Flying Height Required to Yield a Given Scale
Determining Ground Distance by Vertical Photograph
Determining the Height of a Structure by Vertical Photograph
Determining Ground Distance by Tilted Photograph
Determining Elevation of a Point by Overlapping Vertical Photographs
Determining Air Base of Overlapping Vertical Photographs by Use
of Two Control Points

5.2

5.2

5.4

5.7

5.8

5.9

5.10

5.11

5.14

5.14

5.17

5.18

5.18

5.20

5.24

5.25

5.28

5.29

5.29

5.31

5.32

5.33

5.35

5.39

5.39

5.41

5.41

5.43

5.45

5.46

5.5