Surveying and Route Design
PLOTTING A CLOSED TRAVERSE
Complete the following table for a closed traverse.
Course Bearing Length, ft (m)
a N32°27'E 110.8(33.77)
b 83.6 (25.48)
c S8°51'W 126.9(38.68)
d S73°31'W
e N18°44'W 90.2(27.49)
Calculation Procedure:
- Draw the known courses; then form a closed traverse
Refer to Fig. Ia. A line PQ is described by expressing its length L and its bearing a with
respect to a reference meridian NS. For a closed traverse, such as abode in Fig. Ib 9 the al-
gebraic sum of the latitudes and the algebraic sum of the departures must equal zero. A
positive latitude corresponds to a northerly bearing, and a positive departure corresponds
to an easterly bearing.
(a) Latitude and departure (b) closure of traverse
FIGURE 1
Departure
Parallel
Meridian
Latitude
Determining Scale of Oblique Photograph
DESIGN OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES
Design of a T-Beam Bridge
Composite Steel-and-Concrete Bridge
5.48
5.50
5.51
5.54
