236 Scarcity and Surfeit
Equity as a guiding principle in allocating rights to land and resources, and
the distribution of economic benefits.
Development of a comprehensive land and natural resource development
and use plan through participatory, inclusive and public process. This
process should address needed policy and legislative reforms and explore
monitoring tools such as Environmental Impact Assessment and Conflict
Impact Assessment that can be employed in the development of a compre-
hensive national strategy to develop and use land and natural resources.Endnotes
1 J Prendergast, et al, God, Oil and Country: Changing the Logic of War in Sudan,
International Crisis Group, London, 2002, p 29.
2 Ibid, p 219.
3 The challenge to researching the ecological sources of conflicts in sub-Saharan
Africa, as these issues suggest, is to identify patterns of linkage and interaction
between environmental factors and conflict that policies may address. See J Lind,
R Kitevu, and C Huggins, 'Background Documents: Policy Research on the
Ecological Sources of Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa', African Centre for
Technology Studies (ACTS), 2001. Mimeo, p 6.
4 Mungo Park, the first westerner to enter the interior, emphasised the importance
of these trade conduits in his 1799 account.
5 Elements of the civil strife Chad experienced after independence point to the struc-
ture of north-south antagonism characterising the Sudanese conflict. But upon
closer inspection, the Chadian conflict is more a function of colonial empowerment
of the agricultural Sara vis a vis the laizrez faire administration of northern tribes.
6 One can imagine an equivalent situation where a modern state established in
Timbuktu consolidated control over the Sahelian zone and extended its tentacles
into more humid areas to the south.
7 The Niger inscribes a west to south-east east loop, the Senegal arcs in a north-
westerly direction, and the Volta drains to the south. Florida's St. Johns River,
the only other south to north river in the world, is approximately 200 miles long.
8 Quoted in FM Deng, War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan, The
Brookings Institute, Washington D.C., 1995, p 446.
9 E.g. ibid.
10 P Verney, P, Sudan: Conflict andMinorities, Minority Rights Group International,
London, 1995.
11 R Cohen and F M Deng, 'Exodus Within Borders: the Uprooted Who Never Left
Home', Foreign Affairs, JulyIAugust 1998.
12 M Suliman in D Buckles (eds.), Cultivating Peace: Conflict and Collaboration in
Natural Resource Management, lDRC with the World Bank, Ottawa and
Washington D.C., 1999, page unknown.
13 See A Sen, Poverty and Famine: An Essay on Entitlements and Deprivation,
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1981.