NOTES TO PAGES 28-45 26825 See above, pp. 24f. and M. M. Badawi, • Al-Hilal, Moon or Poet? A Critical Analysis
of a Poem by Shauqi', Journal of Arabic Literature, n (1971), 127-35.
26 The last two paragraphs are derived from my article 'Convention and Revolt in
Modem Arabic Poetry' published in G. E. von Grunebaum, Arabic Poetry: Theory and
Development (Wiesbadea 1973), pp. 187ff.
27 S. A. Khulusi, 'Modem Arabic Poetry', Islamic Quarterly, xxxn, no. 1 (Jan., 1958), 71.
28 A. J. Arberry, "Hafiz Ibrahim and Shauqi, JRAS (1937), 58.
29 Ibid, p. 54.
30 Muhammad Sabri, Al-Shauqiyyit al-Majhula (Cairo, 1961), i, 11.
31 The references between brackets here and in the rest of this section on Shauqi are to
al-Shauqiyyat (Cairo), vol. I (1950), vol. n (1948), vol. in (1950), vol. rv (1951).
32 For an intelligent discussion of Shauqi's creative imitation see Shauqi Daif, Shauqi
ShSiral-'Asral-Ha&th (Cairo, 1963), pp. 72-84.
3 3 Taha Husain, Hafiz wa Shauqi (Quito, 1962), p. 8; 'Abbas Mahmud al-'Aqqad, Shu'ara'
Misr wa BTatuhum fi'l Jil al-Madi (Cairo, 1950), p. 156.
34 Shauqi Daif, Shauqi, pp. 160ff.
35 On the political relevance of Shauqi's poetry see Mounah Khouri, Poetry and the
Making of Modern Egypt 1882-1922 (Leiden, 1971).
36 Shauqi Daif, Shauqi, p. 114; H. A. R. Gibb, 'Arab Poet and Arabic Philologist', Bulletin
of the School of Oriental and African Studies, xn(1947-48), 576ff.
37 For an analysis of this poem see Badawi, 'Al-Hilal: Moon or Poet?'
38 Taha Husain, Hafiz wa Shauqi, p. 13.
39 See, e.g. al-Shauqiyyat, 1,272; n, 3— 4.
40 See, e.g. Rhvayat Fashitda and Hikayat al-Sudan in Muhammad Sabri, Al-Shauqiyyat
al-Majhula, vol. I, pp. 121 ff. and 131 ft For further examples of the poet's ability as
a political satirist see ibid, vol. i pp. 255ff., 271.
41 On the effect of the music of Shauqi's verse See Shauqi Daif, Shauqi, pp. 44ff.
42 See, e.g. Ahmad Mahfuz, Hayat Hafiz Ibrahim (Cairo n.d. [1958-9?]), p. 191; 'Abd
al-Hamid Sanad al-Jundi, Hafiz Ibrahim Sha'ir al-Nil (Cairo 1959), pp. 28, 164ff. and
FathI Radwan, 'Asr wa Rijal (Cairo 1967), p. 143. Among those who have recently
defended him against the charge of lack of nationalism are Muhammad Harun
al-Hulw, Hafiz Ibrahim Sha'ir al-Qaumiyya al-'Arabiyya (Cairo n.d.), p. 3 5 and Muham-
mad Kamil Jum'a, Hafiz Ibrahim ma lahu wa ma'akihi (2nd edn. Cairo 1960), pp.
113ff.
43 See Radwan, 'Asr wa Rijal, p. 155 and Diwan Hafiz Ibrahim, ed. Amin, al-Zain and
Ibyari (Cairo 1939), vol. n, p. 105.
44 Al-Jundi, Hafiz Ibrahim, p. 17.
45 Mahfuz, Hayat Hafiz Ibrahim, pp. 229-30.
46 See Jum'a, Hafiz Ibrahim, p. 358. For a discussion of echoes of medieval Arabic poets
in Hafiz's poetry see A. S. al-Jundi, Hafiz Ibrahim, pp. 20Iff.
47 The references between brackets here and in the rest of this section on Hafiz Ibrahim
are all to Diwan Hafiz Ibrahim, edited,by A: Amin, A. Al-Zain and Ibrahim al-Ibyiri,
vol. i (Cairo, 1948), vol. n (Cairo, 1939).
48 Taha Husain, Hafiz wa Shauqi, pp. 152ff.
49 Al-Jundi, Hafiz Ibrahim, p. 13.
50 Ibid, p. 135.
51 Jum'a, Hafiz Ibrahim, p. 264; al-Jundi, Hafiz Ibrahim, p. 126 and Mahfuz, Hayat
Hafiz Ibrahim, p. 203.
52 S. K. Jayyusl 'Trends and Movements in Contemporary Arabic Poetry',
unpublished Ph.D. thesis (London University, 1970), vol. i, p. 111.
53 Ra&wan,'Asr wa Rijal, p. 137.