NOTES TO PAGES 198-207 27957 See Ilyas Farhat. D'twan Math' al-Shita' (Cairo, 1967), p. 9.
58 Hasan, At-Shi'r, pp. 237, 226,229, 235, 234; Yd Najmat al-Lail, 'Ijl al-Dhahab, Mandbf
al-Shi'r, Yd Nahla, Ya 'Id. Mautini, and Khaydl al-Watan.
59 Ilyas Farhat, Ahldmal-Rd'i (Beirut, 1962), pp. 104, 139.
60 Hasan, Al-Shi'r, pp. 231, 227,225: Khuslat al-Sha'r, Al-Rdhiba, and Al-Sakra al-
Khdlida.
61 Rashid Salim al-Khuri, Al-A'asir (Beirut, 1962 >, pp. 5 -17.
62 E.g. 'id al-Bariyya in Hasan, Al-SMr, p. 262 and 'Id al-Fitr and Nabiyy in 'Abdullatif
Shaiaia, Al-Sha'ir al-Qarawi (Beirut, 1960), pp. 188,21
63 See Sharara, Al-Sha'ir, p. 56.
64 Hasan, Al-Sh'ir, p. 249: Al-WiWa al-Jadida.
65 Sharara, Al-Sha'ir, pp. 124ff.: Al-Dauha al-Sdqita.
66 Hasan, Al-Sh'ir, pp. 258, 250, 251, 260: Baina'l Bashar wa'l Baqar. Al-Fitm al-
Kubrd, 'Inaq al-Wujud, and Hidn al-Vmm.
67 'Aid Bisdt al-Rlh. See Riad al-Ma'luf, Shu'ard' al-Ma'dlifa (Beirut, 1962), p. 40.
68 Faun Ma'liil,'Aid Bisdt al-Rih (Rio De Janeiro, 1929).
69 The Arabic titles are 'Abqar and Al-Ahldm.
70 Fauzi Ma'luf, 'Aid Bisdt, pp. 38, 71.
71 See Dhikrd Fauzi, a special no. of Al-Ddd, vol. 5, June-August (Aleppo, 193 5), p. 103.
See also the poem with the significant title 'The Torch of Suffering' in Diwdn Fauzi
al-Ma'luf (Beirut, 1957), pp. 121,ff.
72 Qabr Shctir, 'Alt Mahmud Tdha, Shfr wa Dirdsa ed. Suhail Ayyub (Damascus, 1962),
p. 256.
73 See 'Isa Yusuf Bullata, Al-Rumantjqiyya wa Ma'dlimuhafi'l Shi'r al-'Arabi al-Hadith
(Beirut, 1960), pp. 134ff.
CHAPTER 6: THE RECOIL FROM ROMANTICISM
1 See my article 'Convention and Revolt in Modern Arabic Poetry', in G. E. von
Grunebaum (ed.), Arabic Poetry: Theory and Development (Wiesbaden, 1973), p. 201.
2 Some of the material here and on the question of'commitment' derives from my
article 'Commitment in Contemporary Arabic literature', Journal of World History,
xrv, 4 (1972), 858-79. The reader will find a fuller discussion of the question in this
article.
3 On the romanticism of young Iraqi poets such as Bayyati and Buland Haidari see
Ihsan 'Abbas, Farm al-Shi'r (3rd edn., Beirut, n.d.), p. 52.
4 Dajjat al-rabf, al-Risala (Cairo), XIII, 1 (1945), 567-S.
5 'lid shtfir tSih, Isrdr (Cairo, 195 5), no page number.
6 Al-Adab li'lSha'b, Maqalat Mamnu'a. See a useful translation of Salama Musa's
autobiographical work: The Education of Salama Musa, tr. L. O. Schuman (Leiden,
1961).
7 On the activities of the Iraqi Communist Party see Ihsan 'Abbas, Badr Shakir al-
Sayydb Dirdsa fiHaydtih wa Shi'rih (Beirut 1969), pp. 91ff. See also Bayyati's account
of his literary 'formation' and that of his generation such as Sayyab and Buland
Haidari inD'rwdn'Abdal-Wahhdbal-Bayydti(Beirut, 1971), II, 379ff.
8 Muhammad 'Abdul-Hai, 'Tradition and English and American Influence in Arabic
Romantic Poetry', unpublished D. Phil. Thesis (Oxford, 1973), pp. 354—5. For a
general discussion of Plutoland and Other Poems see also Mounah A. Khouri, 'Lewis
'Awad': A Forgotten Pioneer of the Free Verse Movement', Journal of Arabic
Literature, I (Leiden, 1970), 137—44.
9 For full details see my article 'Commitment in Contemporary Arabic Literature'.