The Economist January 29th 2022 41
Middle East & Africa
WestAfrica
The juntas and the hunted
M
ost coupsbegin with confusion. In
Burkina Faso the first sign was gun
fire echoing from army bases in Ouagadou
gou, the capital, on January 23rd. Mutinous
soldiers soon emerged, demanding the
resignation of the top brass and better
equipment for their fight against jihadists
terrorising the Sahel. By daybreak bullet
riddledpresidential vehicles were visible
in the streets and soldiers surrounded the
main television station.
Then came clarity and cliché: uni
formed men armed with guns and a clunky
label, the Patriotic Movement for Safe
guarding and Restoration (pictured), an
nounced that they had taken over. The gov
ernment had been dissolved and the con
stitution suspended, they said. The presi
dent, Roch Kaboré, has not been seen and
is thought to be under arrest. In his place
came a new strongman, LieutenantColo
nel PaulHenri Sandaogo Damiba, an in
fantry officer who last year published a
book criticising the way the war against
jihadists is being waged.
But the coup itself threatens to under
mine the campaign. It is the biggest anti
terrorism operation in the world involving
Western forces, now that they have with
drawn from Afghanistan. France has de
ployed about 5,100 soldiers in the Sahel, a
band of scrubby bush along the southern
edge of the Sahara. The French troops are
backed by commandos from America and
from other European countries.
The un, meanwhile, has a force of about
15,000 peacekeepers in Burkina Faso’s
neighbour, Mali, which has had two coups
of its own since 2020. All of these foreign
soldiers are battling alongside local forces
to hold back insurgents loosely affiliated
with alQaeda and Islamic State.
The fight was already going badly. The
jihadists have tormented three of the poor
est and most poorly governed countries in
the region: Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger.
In Burkina Faso more than 1.5m people out
of a population of 21m have been forced to
flee their homes in the past three years. Al
most 7,000 have been killed.
A growing part of the West’s strategy has
been an effort to build accountable demo
cracies. Corruption and bad government,
after all, have spread disaffection across
the region, fuelling the insurgencies.
France, which in the past was only too hap
py to prop up friendly autocrats, now em
phasises the “return of the state”, and is
planning to reduce the number of troops it
has fighting in Africa.
Other European countries and America,
focused on training, have tried to instil
Western notions of civilmilitary rela
tions—whereby the army answersto civil
ian leaders—and respect for human rights,
in the hope that this will reduce the brutal
ity that drives young men to join the rebels.
Yet the recent spate of coups has com
plicated these efforts. Mali’s junta has
postponed elections and a handover to ci
vilians until 2025, prompting its neigh
bours to impose financial sanctions and
close their borders with it. Mali has also
hired Russian mercenaries accused of hu
manrights abuses to protect its officials
and train its soldiers, which has prompted
OUAGADOUGOU
A coup in Burkina Faso will help the Sahel’s jihadists
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