1883; French transl. of the first ed., Strassburg, 1837); Genthe (Leipz., 1842, with seventeen
steel engravings); Westermann (Halle, 1845); Weydmann (Luther, ein Charakter—und
Spiegelbild für unsere Zeit, Hamburg, 1850); B. Sears (English, publ. by the Am. Sunday School
Union, Philada., 1850, with special reference to the youth of L.); Jgn. Döllinger (R. C., Luther,
eine Skizze, Freiburg i. B., 1851); König and Gelzer (with 48 fine illustrations, Hamb. u. Gotha,
1851; Engl. ed. with transl. of the text by Archdeacon Hare and Cath. Winkworth, Lond. and
N. Y., 1856); Jul. Hare (Vindication of Luther against his English Assailants, first publ. as a
note in his The Mission of the Comforter, London, 1846, vol. II., 656–878, then separately, 2d
ed., 1855, the best English appreciation of L.); II. Woersley (Life of Luther, London, 1856, 2
vols.); Wildenhahn (Leipz., 1861); Müller (Nürnberg, 1867); Henke (Luther u. Melanchthon,
Marburg, 1867); H. W. J. Thiersch (Luther, Gustav Adolf und Maximilian I. von Bayern,
Nördlingen, 1869, pp. 3–66); Vilmar (Luther, Melanchthon und Zwingli, Frankf. a. M., 1869);
H. Lang (Berlin, 1870, rationalistic); Ackermann (Jena, 1871); Gasparin (Luther et la réforme
ait XVe. siècle, Paris, 1873); Schaff (a sketch in Appleton’s "Cyclopaedia," 1858, revised
1874); Rietschel (Martin Luther und Ignatius Loyola, Wittenberg, 1879).
(3) Recent Biographies, published since 1875, by
Jul. Koestlin (Elberfeld, 1875, 2 vols., 2d ed. revised 1883; 3d ed. unchanged; upon the whole the
best German biography; also an abridged ed. for popular use with 64 illustrations, 3d ed., 1883.
English transl. of the small ed. by an anonymous writer with the author’s sanction, Lond. and
N. Y., 1883; another by Morris, Philad., 1883; comp. also Koestlin’s art. Luther in Herzog, 2d
ed., vol. IX.; his Festschrift, 1883, in several edd., transl. by Eliz. P. Weir: Martin Luther the
Reformer, London, 1883; and his polemic tract: Luther und Janssen, der Deutsche Reformator
und ein ultramontaner Historiker, Halle, 3d ed., 1883); V. Hasak (R. Cath., Regensb., 1881);
Rein (Leipz., 1883, English transl. by Behringer, N. Y., 1883); Rogge, (Leipz., 1883); Plitt
and Petersen (Leipzig, 1883); MAx Lenz (2nd ed. Berlin, 1883); P. Kuhn (Luther, sa vie et
son oeuvre, Paris, 3 vols.); C. Burk (4th ed., Stuttg., 1884); Th. Kolde (M. Luther, Gotha,
1884, 2 vols.); J. A. Froude (Luther, a Short Biography, Lond. and N. Y., 1883); John Rae (M.
Luth.: Lond., 1884); Paul Martin, i.e., M. Rade of Schönbach (Dr. M. Luther’s Leben, etc.,
Neusalza, 1885–87, 3 vols.); Peter Bayne (M. Luth.: his Life and Times, Lond. and N. Y., 1887,
2 vols.).
On Luther’s wife and his domestic life: W. Beste: Die Gesch. Catherina’s von Bora. Halle, 1843
(131 pp.). G. Hofmann: Katharina von Bora, oder M. L. als Gatte, und Vater. Leipzig, 1846.
John G. Morris: Life of Cath. von Bora, Baltimore, 1856. Mor. Meurer: Katherina Luther
geborne von Bora. Dresden, 1854; 2d ed., Leipzig, 1873.
III. Luther’s Theology.
W. Beste: Dr. M. Luther’s Glaubenslehre. Halle, 1845 (286 pp.). Theodos. Harnack (senior): L.’s
Theologie, Bd I. Erlang., 1862, Bd. II., 1886. *Jul. Koestlin: L.’s Theologie. Stuttg., 1863, 2d
ed., 1883, 2 vols. By the same: Luther’s Lehre von der Kirche, 1853, new ed., Gotha, 1868.
Ch. H. Weisse; Die Christologie Luthers, Leipz., 1852 (253 pp.). Luthardt: Die Ethik Luthers,
Leipz., 1867, 2d ed., 1875. Lommatzsch: Luther’s Lehre von ethisch-relig. Standpunkt aus,
Berlin, 1879). H. C. Moenckeberg: Luther’s Lehre von der Kirche. Hamburg, 1870. Hering:
les eut évidemment, il les étouffa et il en mourat. Luther n’a rien caché, il ne s’est pu contenir. Il a donné à voir en lui à sonder, la plaie
profonde de notre nature. C’est le seul homme peut-âtre où l’on puisse étudier à plaisircette terrible anatomie."