formal proposals to, 72–73, 219
as internal stakeholders, 190,
191
Management by walking around,
167
Market studies, 66, 217
Material listing documents, 223
Materials costs, 134
Matrix environment, 7
Matrix organizations, 26
Maturity levels of organizations, 24
Measurement baselines, 163–64
Meetings
benefits of, 90
effective, 91, 211–14
frequency of, 104, 169
information gathering in,
164–66
kickoff, 74, 85
Memos, 209
Micromanagement, 180
Milestones, 121, 176
Mitigation of impact, 150
Most likely estimates, 152, 153
Motivation
creating climate for, 19–20
fostering teamwork, 88–92
of individuals, 92–95
required competencies for, 43
Mourning stage, 86, 88
Mutual expectations, 93, 94,
197–99
N
Natural groupings, 116
Needs
identifying, 50, 51–55
of individual team members,
94–95
Negative feedback, 198
Net present value (NPV) calcula-
tions, 59, 60, 62, 63
Network diagrams, 121, 122,
123–27
Non-financial criteria, for project
selection, 62–65
Nonverbal communication, 206
Norming stage, 86, 87
O
Objectives. See alsoTargets
formally describing, 55–56
success and, 26
unifying, 20–21
unrealistic, 33–34, 75, 110
One-on-one communications, 207
Operating manuals, 226
Opportunities, identifying, 13, 50,
51–55
Optimistic estimates, 152, 153
Optimum solutions. SeeSolutions
Oral communication, 206
Organizational awareness
of expectations for planning,
106
of politics, 5, 74–75, 196
of project importance, 106
project interfaces and, 196–97
required competencies for, 43
Organizational charts, 83
Organizational context of project
management, 22–26
Organizational culture, 196
Organizational improvement, 28
Organizational politics, 5, 74–75,
196
Outside groups, working with, 21
Ownership, 79, 87
P
Padding, 109
Parallel activities, 122, 124, 125
Parallel relationships, 124, 125
Payback period calculations, 60,
62
Performance
of deliverables, 177–78
recognizing, 20, 91–92, 226,
233Index 245T
E
A
M
F
L
Y
Team-Fly®