migration, breeding, and molt. Evolutionary population models have been used
for understanding the evolution of migration and to explore the effects of habi-
tat loss in migratory birds (Sutherland 1996).
7.8 Concluding remarks
The study of bird migration is a truly interdisciplinary research effort including
ideas and techniques from many different disciplines. It requires both theoretical
and experimental development and a great challenge for new students. We now
understand a great deal about the evolution and ecology of migration, but there
are still many mysteries awaiting solution. These problems can be tackled either
in the laboratory or in the field.
Acknowledgements
We are very grateful to R. Green, I. Newton, and W. Sutherland for comments
on the manuscript.
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