251References
Etminan M, Takkouche B and Caamano-Isorna F, The role of
tomato products and lycopene in the prevention of prostate can-
cer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Epidemiol
Biomark Prev 13:340-34 ( 2004 ).
Thompson LU, Antioxidants and hormone-mediated health ben-
efits of whole grains. Crit Rev Food Sci Tech 34:473-497 (1994).
Aruoma OI, Antioxidant actions of plant foods: use of oxidative
DNA damage as a tool for studying antioxidant efficacy. Free
Radic Res 30:419-27 (1999).
Allen RD, Dissection of oxidative stress tolerance using trans-
genic plants. Plant Physiol 107: 1049-1054 (1995).
Beecher GR, Overview of dietary flavonoids: nomenclature, oc-
currence and intake. J Nutr 133:3248S-3254S ( 2003 ).
Kahkonen MP, Hopia AI, Vuorela HJ, Raucha JP, Pihlaja K, Ku-
jala TS and Heinonen M, Antioxidant activity of plant extracts
containing phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem 47: 3 954–
3962 ( 1999 ).
Turrini A, Saba A, Perrone D, Cialfa E, and D’Amicis A, Food
consumption patterns in Italy: the INN-CA Study 1994-1996. Eu-
ropean Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55:571-588 (2001).
Benzie IFF and Strain JJ, The ferric reducing ability of plasma
(FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the assay. Anal
Biochem 239:70-76 ( 1996 ).
Pellegrini N, Serafini M, Colombi B, Del Rio D, Salvatore S,
Bianchi M and Brighenti F, Total antioxidant capacity of plant
foods, beverages and oils consumed in Italy assessed by three
different in vitro assays. J Nutr 133:2812-2819 (2003).
Margolis SA and Schapira R, Liquid chromatographic meas-
urement of L-ascorbic acid e D-ascorbic acid in biological sam-
ples. J Chromatogr 690: 25-33 (1997).
Serafini M, Bugianesi R, Salucci M, Azzini E, Raguzzini A and
Maiani G, Effect of acute ingestion of fresh and stored lettuce
(Lactuca sativa) on plasma total antioxidant capacity and an-
tioxidant levels in human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition
88: 615-623 ( 2002 ).
Hertog MGL, Hollman CH and Vanema DP, Optimization of a
qualitative HPLC determination of a potentially anti-
carcenogenic flavonoids in vegetables and fruits. J Agric Food
Chem 40:1591-1598 (1992).
Sharpless KA, Arce-Osuna M, Thoma JB and Gill ML, Value as-
signment of retinyl palmitate, tocopherol and carotenoid con-
centrations in standard reference material 2383 (Baby food
composite). J AOAC Int 82: 288-296 (1999).
Maiani G, Pappalardo G, Ferro-Luzzi A, Raguzzini A, Azzini A,
Guadalaxara A, Trifero M, Frommel T and Mobarhan S. Accu-
mulation of beta-carotene in normal colorectal mucosa and
colonic neoplastic lesions in humans. Nutr Cancer 24: 2 3 - 3 1,
( 1995 ).
Khanizadeh S, Tsao R, Rekika D, Yang R and DeEll J, Phenolic
composition and antioxidant activity of selected apple geno-
types. JFAE 5: 61-66 (2007).
Jacob RA, Spinozzi GM, Simon VA, Kelley DS, Prior RL, Hess-
Pierce B and Kader AA, Consumption of cherries lowers
plasma urate in healthy women. J Nutr 133:1826-1829 ( 2003 ).
Hart DJ and Scott KJ, Development and evaluation of an HPLC
method for the analysis of carotenoids in foods, and the meas-
urement of the carotenoid content of vegetables and fruits com-
monly consumed in the UK. Food Chemistry 54
( 1 ):101-111( 1995 ).
Oregon processors
Cordenunsi BR, do Nascimento JR, Genovese MI and Lajolo FI,
Influence of cultivar on quality parameters and chemical com-
position of strawberry fruits grown in Brazil. J Agric Food Chem
50 :2581 -2586 (2002).
Prior RL, Hoang H, Gu L, Wu X, Bacchiocca M, Howard L,
Hampsch-Woodill M, Huang D, Ou B and Jacob RA. Assays for
hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical
absorbance capacity (ORACFL) of plasma and other biological
and food samples. J Agric Food Chem 51:3273–3279 (2003).
Ju Z and Bramlage WJ, Phenolics and lipid-soluble antioxidants
in fruit cuticle of apples and their antioxidant acivities in model
systems. Post Biol Techn 16:107–118 (1999).
Chinnici F, Bendini A, Gaiani A and Riponi C, Radical scaveng-
ing activities of peels and pulps from cv. Golden Delicious ap-
ples as related to their phenolic composition. J Agric Food
Chem 52:4684-4689 ( 2004 ).
Salunkhe DK, Boun HR, Salunkhe DK, Boun HR, Reddy NR,
Storage, processing and nutritional quality of fruits and veg-
etables: fresh fruits and vegetables. CRC Press Inc., Boston,
vol. 1 ( 1991 ).
Rababah TM, Ereifej KI, Howard L, Effect of ascorbic acid and
dehydration on concentrations of total phenolics, antioxidant
capacity, anthocyanins, and color in fruits. J Agric Food Chem
53:4444-4447 ( 2005 ).
Netzela M, Strass G, Kau l, Bitschc I, Dietrich H and Bitsch, In
vivo antioxidative capacity of a composite berry juice. Food Res
int 35:213–216 ( 2002 ).
Bomser J, Madhavi DL, Singletary K, Smith MA, In vitro anti-
cancer activity of fruit extracts from Vaccinium species. Planta
Med 62:212-216 ( 1996 ).
Mosel HD and Hermann K, The phenolics of fruit. III. The con-
tents of catechins and hydroxycinnamic acids in pome and
stone fruits. Z. Lebens. Unters-Forsch 154:6-11 ( 1974 ).
Rommel A and Wrolstad RE, Ellagic acid content of red rasp-
berry juice as influenced by cultivar, processing, and environ-
mental factors? J Agric Food Chem 41:1951-1960 (1993)a
Mabry TJ, Markham KR and Thomas MB, The aglycone and
sugar analysis of flavonoid glycosides. In the systematic iden-