bounce flash Light bounced off a ceiling, wall, or other surface to soften the light hitting a sub-
ject and eliminate the harsh shadows that often result from a flash aimed straight at the subject.bracket A burst mode that, as a safety precaution, shoots extra exposures that are normally one
f-stop above and below the exposure indicated by the light meter reading.brightness One of the three dimensions of color—hue, saturation, and brightness. Brightness is
the relative lightness or darkness of a color, ranging from 0% black to 100% white. See also hue
and saturation.burst mode The capability of a camera to take several pictures one after another, as long as the
shutter button is depressed or until the memory buffer is full. The size of the memory buffer and the
speed that the camera writes the data to a memory card determine the burst rate.C
calibrate To adjust the handling of light and colors by different equipment, such as cameras,
scanners, monitors, and printers, so the images produced by each are consistent to a defined
standard of brightness, hue, and contrast.catchlight Light that reflects from a subject’s eyes and adds life to the portrait.
charge-coupled device (CCD) An image sensor made up of millions of photodiodes, which are
transistors that convert light energy to electrical energy and transmit the electrical charges one row at
a time.chroma A quality of color combining hue and saturation.
circle of confusion Points of light focused by the lens into discs of light. The smaller the circles of
confusion (the discs), the sharper the image appears.clipping The loss of color information above or below certain cutoff values.
CMOS image sensor An image sensor similar to a CCD but created using CMOS technology.
CMOS stands for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor.CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) Often called process color; a color model used to
optimize images for printing in which all colors are produced by combinations of these four colors.
Inkjet, laser, dye-sublimation, thermal wax, and solid ink printers use CMYK as their primary colors.
This creates a color-management problem on computers because converting the native colors of com-
puting—red, green, and blue—to CMYK files causes color shifts.color, additive The creation of colors in cameras, monitors, and scanners by combining the
effects of pixels colored red, blue, and green, usually referred to as RGB.See also color,
subtractive.(^202202) GLOSSARY