Understanding and Teaching the Pronunciation of English.pdf

Digraph A combination of two graphemes (letters) that together represent one sound. In English, “sh” is a digraph that represent ...

Diphthongs, simple vowels, and glided vowels Categories of vowels based on whether the tongue moves during the pronunciation of ...

Discourse A connected set of sentences or utterances, such as a conversation, a speech, an essay, or a story. We can use the ter ...

Distinctive feature analysis A way of analyzing two languages to determine which sound features are di"erent, to determine what ...

Drama techniques in teaching pronunciation Techniques borrowed from acting, such as breathing practice exercises, voice warm- up ...

Duration The length of time that a sound lasts. Related Glossary Terms Index Section 5 - The Vowels of American English Drag rel ...

Elision A sound change in normal connected speech in which a sound may disappear or not be clearly pronounced in certain context ...

Ellipsis A sound change in normal connected speech in which a sound may disappear or not be clearly pronounced in certain contex ...

Emphatic stress When prominence is given to a word to emphasize its importance. For example: You have to believe me. I DID do my ...

English as a Foreign Language (EFL) English as a Foreign Language (EFL): English is being taught to learners who don’t already s ...

English as a Second Language (ESL) English as a Second Language (ESL): English is being taught to people who don’t already speak ...

English as an International Language (EIL) English instruction designed for learners who will need to communicate with people fr ...

Environment The sounds that occur around a given phoneme and sometimes a"ect how it sounds. Related Glossary Terms Index Section ...

Epenthesis The process of adding an extra sound--either a vowel or consonant--to an existing string of sounds is called epenthes ...

Epenthetic vowel An extra vowel sound that is added between other sounds. In this case, its purpose is to separate two sounds th ...

Feedback Information given to learners by a teacher or other source about what they’re doing right or wrong so that they can imp ...

Final position Occurring at the end of a word. For example, in the word cat, the sound /t/ is in !nal position. Related Glossary ...

Flap A sound in which the tongue taps the alveolar ridge very quickly, so that it sounds like a quick /d/. In American English, ...

Flapped /t/ (or tapped /t/) A sound made when the tongue taps the alveolar ridge very quickly, so that it sounds like a quick /d ...

Fluency The ability to produce language and pronounce sounds smoothly and easily, even if it might not always be accurate. Relat ...