Understanding and Teaching the Pronunciation of English.pdf

water, city, and bottle. This is a voiced sound called an alveolar #ap or tap. The tongue taps the alveolar ridge very quickly s ...

It’s not absolutely necessary for learners to pronounce the $ap [ɾ] or the glottal stop [Ɂ] allophones of /t/, but they need to ...

the tongue higher at the back of the mouth. The tip of the tongue might or might not touch the alveolar ridge. In some dialects, ...

cute is pronounced /kyuwt/, not /kuwt/.) In words like quick, quiet, and question, the letters qu stand for the consonant cluste ...

course, march, arm, barn, girl, wasp, trust, ask, soft, act, tax, fourth Here are examples of words ending in three-consonant cl ...

from their own language. For example, many languages don’t contain the phonemes /θ/ or /ð/, so speakers of those languages often ...

languages pronounce English words that end in voiced obstruents, they may substitute voiceless sounds instead. Because all these ...

/r/ with the tongue curled /r/ with the tongue pulled back /l/: As we read earlier, when we say /l/, the tip of the tongue touch ...

If students look in a mirror while saying /f/ or /v/, they should be able to see their teeth just a bit. If their lips are close ...

4.13 PLACE OF ARTICULATION4.13 PLACE OF ARTICULATION4.13 PLACE OF ARTICULATION Name Meaning Example Sounds Bilabial Both lips co ...

CHAPTER 5 The Vowels of American English How do we describe vowels? Vowels are sounds in which the air stream moves up from the ...

can be written as ee in seem, as ea in seal, as ie in piece, as ei in seize, as ey in key, as i...e in machine, and perhaps more ...

In describing a vowel, we list the vertical position of the tongue !rst: high, mid, or low. That is, is the tongue raised toward ...

and ship (/ɪ/), whose vowels are in adjacent boxes, but they seldom confuse sheep and shop (/ɑ/), which are farther apart. We ca ...

saying the sound, but again, this is an oversimpli!cation. There is sometimes not a great di"erence in physical tension of tense ...

Another di"erence between tense and lax vowels is the positions in which they can be used in words. Tense vowels can occur both ...

with the !rst part longer and more prominent, and the second part lasting a shorter time than the !rst. We call these vowels dip ...

/r/ with the tongue curled /r/ with the tongue pulled back An endangered vowel sound: /ɔ/ As you know, languages and their sound ...

seldom found after /t/, /d/, /n/, and /l/, although some people do pronounce it in words like new (/nuw/ or /nyuw/) or Tuesday ( ...

“smooth” sounds like nasals and liquids (which are all voiced in English) than before “rough” sounds: voiced stops, a"ricates, a ...