Table 24.1
Exotic species cited in the text as invasive in tropical forests.
Exotic speciesGrowthformInvasive rangeInvadedecosystemsAttributes ofthe invadedecosystemReferencesAnnona glabraTreePacific Islands,Australia(Queensland),VietnamFresh- orbrackish-waterwetlands;Melaleucaswamps (Queensland)Open canopy, floodedsoilsHumphrieset al.(1991)Ardisia ellipticaShrubPacific Islands,Australia, USA(Florida)Moist lowland forestand riparian areasForest understoryHorvitzet al.(1998)Broussonetia papyriferaTreeWestern Pacific, SEUSA, UgandaTropical rainforestTreefall clearingsSheilet al.(2000)Cassia spectabilisTreeUgandaTropical rainforestTreefall clearingsSheilet al.(2000)Chromolaena odorataShrubPacific Islands, SEAsia, AustraliaTropical moist forestDisturbances caused byungulates, swiddenagricultureChandrasekaran andSwamy (2000),Chandrashekara andRamakrishnan (1994),Ghazoul (2004)Cinchona pubescensTreePacific Islands, esp.GalápagosTropical moist uplandforestIsland ecosystems, forestunderstoryMacDonaldet al.(1988)Cinnamomum zeylanicumTreePacific Islands,SeychellesTropical moistsecondary forestIsland ecosystems,slopes, ravinesFleischmann (1997)Clidemia hirtaShrubPacific Islands,Australia, Malaysia,RéunionTropical moist forestIsland ecosystems, forestunderstoryDeWaltet al.(2004),Wester and Wood(1977)Falcataria moluccanaTreePacific Islands,Singapore, Indonesia,Réunion, SeychellesTropical moist forestIsland ecosystems, opencanopies, nitrogen-poorsubstratesHughes and Denslow(2005)Hedychium gardnerianumHerbUSA (Hawai’i), NewZealand, RéunionTropical moistsubmontane forestIsland ecosystems, forestunderstorySmith (1985)Lantana camaraShrubPacific Islands,Australia, India, SEAsia, Indian OceanMesic and dry forestsDisturbances due toungulates, swiddenagricultureChandrasekaran andSwamy (2000),Chandrashekara andRamakrishnan (1994),Ramakrishnan andVitousek (1989)Melaleuca quinquenerviaTreePacific Islands, USA(Florida)Subtropicalforest/marsh ecotoneFlooded soils, opencanopyEwel (1986)