Erica Schwarz CARSON:“carson_index” — 2008/5/27 — 14:41 — page 498 — #8498Index
foraging functional groups, and plant defense (Contd.)
small-bodied taxa show greatest N-deprivation
343
plant protection shown for some
trophobiont-tenders 343–4
forest destruction, W and E Africa 477
forest ecology, framing a mathematical theory of
122–3, 136
competition for resources with neighbors 122
general theories 122–3
explanatory power limited 123
neutral theory of forest dynamics and tree
diversity 122–3, 136
theory of forest structure, production and
dynamics 123
forest fragmentation
in the Amazon 462–3, 469
cattle ranching 462, 463
caused by post-logging effects 462
edge effects 462, 464
exceptionally vulnerable to fire 465–6, 465 ,
466
forest-colonization projects 462, 463
effects of 136
faunal changes 462–3
effects on tree populations vary 476–7
is there an upper limit to scale effects 317
and strong trophic cascades 6
forest productivity, controls on 121–2
forest regeneration
direct regeneration 388
and species diversity maintenance 4–5
see alsogap-phase regeneration; pioneer species;
regeneration, cyclical theory of
forest structure 122
structural changes during tropical forest
succession 392
forest structure, production and dynamics,
theory of 123
Forestry Stewardship Council, certification
program 482
fragmentation research, results, and Single Large Or
Several Small (SLOSS) debate 477
FSCseeForestry Stewardship Council
functional groups
high diversity may buffer continental tropical
forests 417
important roles in reducing seedling
establishment 417
broad-leaved understory species 417
fast growing pioneers 417
invasibility and missing key groups 417
see alsoforaging functional groups
functional specialists 278
fundamental niches 19, 161
boundaries compressed by generalized
competition 80GAAHseegeographic area and age hypothesis
GAHseegeographic area hypothesis
gamma-diversity 12, 13
gap colonization 197–8
under contrasting dispersal scenarios 248, 248 ,
249
lower under aggregated dispersal 248, 251
rapid increase under widespread dispersal 248
gap hypothesis
genesis of 196–7
is there supporting evidence 200–4
gap-size partitioning 200–1
lianas 201–3
pioneer species needs 200
maintenance of diversity
non-equilibrium mechanism for 199
provides niche-based explanation 199–200
testable prediction of 200
gap specialization 108–12
and canopy disturbance 99
and competition–colonization trade-off 108
gap dependency in community dynamics 108–10
issue of modality in life-history
characteristics 111
and niche specialization 108
represents fundamental life-history axis 110–11
stabilizing and equalizing effects 106, 111
gap-phase dynamics 386, 387
gap-phase regeneration 197
completion of 198
processes and pathways 197–8, 199
from advanced regeneration 197
from lateral spread into gaps 198
from seed 197
from vegetative reproduction 197–8
liana tangles/thickets 198, 200
lianas may exploit all pathways 198
palms, different successional trajectory 198,
199
plant recruitment and growth 198
stalled at low canopy height by lianas 198, 199
geographic area and age hypothesis 41
testing of 35, 36