The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Religion

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The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Religion


William J. Wainwright (Editor), Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of
Wisconsin, Milwaukee


The philosophy of religion as a distinct discipline is an innovation of the last 200 years,
but its central topics—the existence and nature of the divine, humankind’s relation to it,
the nature of religion, and the place of religion in human life—have been with us since
the inception of philosophy. Philosophers have long critically examined the truth of and
rational justification for religious claims, and have explored such philosophically
interesting phenomena as faith, religious experience, and the distinctive features of
religious discourse. The second half of the twentieth century was an especially fruitful
period, with philosophers using new developments in logic and epistemology to mount
both sophisticated defenses of, and attacks on, religious claims. The Oxford Handbook of
Philosophy of Religion contains newly commissioned chapters by twenty-one prominent
experts who cover the field in a comprehensive but accessible manner. Each chapter is
expository, critical, and representative of a distinctive viewpoint. The Handbook is
divided into two parts. The first, “Problems,” covers the most frequently discussed topics,
among them arguments for God’s existence, the nature of God’s attributes, religious
pluralism, the problem of evil, and religious epistemology. The second, “Approaches,”
contains four essays assessing the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of
practicing philosophy of religion—analytic, Wittgensteinian, continental, and feminist.


Contents


Introduction 3


Part I. Problems 13


1. Divine Power, Goodness, and Knowledge 15


2. Divine Sovereignty and Aseity 35


3. Nontheistic Conceptions of the Divine 59


4. The Ontological Argument 80


5. Cosmological and Design Arguments 116


6. Mysticism and Religious Experience 138


7. Pascal's Wagers and James's Will to Believe 168


8. The Problem of Evil 188


9. Religious Language 220


10. Religious Epistemology 245


11. God, Science, and Naturalism 272

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