Jews and Judaism in World History

of the Halutz movement. Although much older than most Zionist pioneers, he nonetheless joined an agricultural settlement. Within ...

menial as well as romantic. Second, he advocated settling the entire Land of Israel – not only the most fertile areas of Galilee ...

The most eloquent spokesman of this position was Abraham Isaac Kook, also known simply as Rav Kook. Kook, a mystic in addition t ...

It was administered separately, and exceptionally western. In Odessa, civic equality for Jews was realized de factoby the mid-ni ...

Bundists were in conflict with virtually all other groups of Jews. To tradi- tionalists and the politicized Orthodox, Bundism wa ...

and married his sweetheart. During the 1870s, he wrote Hebrew and Polish poems and stories. He regarded Yiddish, at best, as a t ...

From the beginning of this immigration movement, there were attempts to counter the demographic and economic trends of this immi ...

immigrants from undermining their status as Americans by joining a move- ment that was oriented around a different part of the w ...

German variety of religious innovation. Under his leadership, and owing largely to his overarching notion of religious inclusive ...

The First World War was as much a turning point in Jewish history as in world history. The war brought a triumph of national sel ...

This created new possibilities and new difficulties for Jews. Smaller, ethni- cally more homogeneous states replaced the multina ...

For Jews, the sense of prewar angst was at once mitigated and animated by the ebb and flow of anti-Semitism, illustrated by the ...

Thousands of Jewish soldiers and officers fought, on both sides of the war. In Italy, there were fifty Jewish generals – one Jew ...

war was instrumental in the outbreak of communist revolutions in Russia, Hungary, and Germany. The Russian Revolution, in partic ...

which was confiscating grain and closing churches. Anti-Jewish riots and vandalism increased in frequency and intensity, reachin ...

In Hungary, the revolution was led by Béla Kun (1886–1938). Born in Transylvania to an assimilated Jewish father and a disintere ...

The deleterious effect of the postwar settlement was especially evident in Hungary, where the truncation of the Kingdom of Hunga ...

Such notions had appeared already during the war. There were those who believed that German Jews were not doing their share to c ...

Belgian troops to occupy the economically crucial Ruhr region – further adding to the national humiliation and economic hardship ...

relationship in which one person objectified another. With the aim of helping Jews achieve an I–Thou approach to life, Buber dis ...