Antipater 34
Arab nationalism 216
Arab-Israeli conflict 215–17, 233–4, 239
Arabic 65
Arendt, Hannah 77, 184, 238–9
Aristobulus I 31–2, 33
Ark of the Covenant 9, 12
Asa, King 17
Ashkenazic Jews 78–80, 235, 236; and
crusades 82–4; culture and community
85–7; development of communal life
78–81; focus on rabbinic texts 85; in
Israel 235–6; origins 78; and Pietists
85–6; relations with Sephardic Jews
102, 122; and Tosafists 86–7; and
women 81, 87
Ashurbanipal I, King of Assyria 21
Assyria 6, 17, 18, 19–20, 21
Augsburg, Peace of (1555) 111
Augustine of Hippo, St 47, 71, 84, 88
Auschwitz-Birkenau 223, 224, 226, 227
Autonomism 196–7, 198, 214
Ba’al Shem 133
Ba’alism 7, 18
Babylonia 18, 55; conquest of New East
22; destruction of by Persia 23;
emergence of as centre of Jewish
scholarship 55, 59; expulsion of
Israelites (586) 22; Jewish community
in 48, 55–6, 64, 66; rise of 21
Babylonian Talmud 55, 56–9, 60, 64, 66
Baeck, Leo 212
Baer, Yitzhak 85, 99
Baghdad 64, 75, 106
Balfour Declaration 206, 216, 217
Bamberger, Selig 161
Banu Yamina 5
Bar Kockba revolt 41, 54
Bar Yochai, Simon 54, 97
Baron, Salo 3, 74
Baskin, Judith 59
Basle Program 192
Bassevi von Treuerberg, Jacob 113, 117
Baumgarten, Elisheva 87
Begin, Menachem 235, 239
Beilis, Mendel 205
Ben Israel, Menasseh 142–3
Ben Meir, Gerson 96
Ben Yehuda 189–90
Ben Zakkai, Yohanan 53
Ben-Gurion, David 194–5, 216, 217, 231,
232
Ben-Yehudah, Eliezer 189
Benedict XIII, Pope 100
Berbers 70
Berlin Haskalah 147–8, 150, 151, 160, 161,
176
Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux 83–4
Berr, Cerf 152–3
Besht, the (Eliezer Ba’al Shem Tov) 133–4,
136, 137
BILU 188, 191
Black Death 3, 92, 94
blood libel 91, 119, 171–2, 186, 205
Bnai Brith 166, 167
Bnai Moshe (Sons of Moses) 193
Bohemian Jews 117, 118, 151
Boleslaw the Pious, Duke 120, 121
Bolsheviks 207
Book of Laws 21
Book of Opinion and Beliefs, The 65
Boris III, King 224–5
Boulanger, General Georges 182–3
Brandeis, Louis 201
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1920) 208
Bridget Loves Bernie 240
Britain: Jewish settlement in colonies 143;
Palestinian Mandate 215, 217, 231–2;
Zionist campaign of violence against
232; see also England
Brother Daniel see Rufeisen, Oswald
Browning, Christopher 220
Buber, Martin 212–13
Buda 118, 120, 122, 164
Budapest 164, 224
Bulgarian Jews 224–5
Bund 187, 196, 197–8
burial societies 127
Byzantine Empire 63, 64, 75calendar, Jewish 51, 55, 65, 66, 67
Caligula, Emperor 38
Calvin, John 111, 115
Canaan 5, 6, 7
Cardozo, Abraham 129, 132
Carlebach, Shlomo 240
Catherine the Great 173
Central Organization of German Citizens of
the Jewish Faith 184
Charlemagne 74, 75, 76
Charles IV, Emperor 92
Charles VI, Emperor 117, 118–19
charters, Christian 76–7
Chazan, Robert 83Index 249