TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION 13
II. RIGHTS IMPLICATED BY TRANSMISSION AND USE OF WORKS ON THE
INTERNET 14
A. The Right of Reproduction 14
1. The Ubiquitous Nature of “Copies” on the Internet 15
2. Whether Images of Data Stored in RAM Qualify as “Copies” 15
- The WIPO Treaties & the European Copyright Directive Are Unclear With
Respect to Interim “Copies” 22
(a) Introduction to the WIPO Treaties & the European Copyright
Directive 22
(b) The WIPO Copyright Treaty 24
(c) The WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty 27
- The Requirement of Volition for Direct Liability 29
(a) The Netcom Case 30
(b) The MAPHIA Case 32
(c) The Sabella Case 33
(d) The Frena Case 34
(e) The Webbworld Case 35
(f) The Sanfilippo Case 36
(g) The Free Republic Case 37
(h) The MP3.com Cases 39
(i) The CoStar Case 42
(j) The Ellison Case 43
(k) Perfect 10 v. Cybernet Ventures 43
(l) Field v. Google 44
(m) Parker v. Google 45
(n) The Cablevision Case 45
(o) Arista Records v. Usenet.com 48
(p) Quantum Systems v. Sprint Nextel 49
(q) Arista Records v. Myxer 50
(r) Disney Enterprises v. Hotfile 51
(s) Perfect 10 v. Megaupload 53
(t) Wolk v. Kodak Imaging Network 54
(u) Fox Broadcasting v. Dish Network 54
(v) Perfect 10 v. Giganews 65
(w) Capitol Records v. ReDigi 69
(x) Hearst Stations v. Aereo 71
(y) In Re Autohop Litigation (Dish Network v. American Broadcasting) 71
(z) Oppenheimer v. Allvoices 73
(aa) The Supreme Court’s Aereo Decision 73
(bb) Gardner v. CafePress 73
