Cultural universals: those culture traits, norms, values,
rules etc which are shared by more or less all
people in a given group or which are found
universally among all societies
Cultural variability: refers to the diversity of cultures
across societies and places
Culture: A complex whole which includes knowledge,
belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other
capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
member of society
Culture lag: A phenomenon whereby non-material
culture changes slowly, while material culture
change fast.
Culture lead: The phenomenon whereby in some less
developed societies, the change of non-material
culture may outpace the material culture.
Culture shock: is the psychological and social
maladjustment at micro or macro level that is
experienced for the first time when people
encounter new cultural elements such as new
things, new ideas, new concepts, seemingly
strange beliefs and practices