iv
Each chapter begins with learning objectives, ends with
a chapter summary and has review questions. Inside the
text, there are illustrative boxes, tables and figures
which are meant to aid the students in utilizing the notes
more effectively. Throughout the text, key terms and
concepts are highlighted in bold and they are put in
glossary section for easy reference. Important
references used in preparing these lecture notes are
also cited in the text and they are put in bibliographical
section. However, it is advisable to use the lecture notes
as complementary materials. Students should refer to
the textbooks and other references for detailed and
richer knowledge.
The author wishes an enjoyable and fruitful reading for
the students.